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. 2026 Jul 10;17:1822886. doi: 10.3389/fneur.2026.1822886

Figure 2.

Figure with multiple data visualizations showing eye movement in control and TBI groups, with and without saccades, for various pursuit directions. Top four line graphs depict horizontal position over time by direction, comparing control and TBI groups against stimulus direction. Lower two line graphs compare absolute horizontal and vertical positions over time between TBI and control groups, with and without saccades, using solid and dashed lines. Legend and time course annotations are present.

Results for smooth and catch-up saccade pursuit (experiment 1). (a) Horizontal gaze traces as a function of time, for each target direction, normalized by the pre-trial period, averaged across trials and then across observers, for the full traces (Left) and for traces without saccades (after saccade removal and alignment, Right), for the TBI and Control groups (in different rows). Error bars denote 1SE across observers. Note the much shallower traces, without saccades, in the TBI group. (b) Horizontal (left) and vertical (right) gaze traces, normalized and averaged across all relevant directions (shown in panel (a)) in absolute values, with (solid lines) and without saccades (dashed lines) for the two groups. The smooth (without saccades) part of tracking (the dashed lines) was compared between groups using a permutation test, yielding p < 0.001*** for the marked gray bar in both the horizontal and vertical traces. The light blue dotted lines show the stimulus position for the rightward and upward movement in panel (a), and all movements in panel (b).