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. 2026 Jul 16;34(8):1. doi: 10.32604/or.2026.072349
ACT Adoptive Cell Transfer
AML Acute Myeloid Leukemia
ANRIL Antisense Noncoding RNA in the INK4 Locus
APCs Antigen-presenting cells
ARG1 Arginase-1
BANCR BRAF-activated non-protein coding RNA
BET Bromo- and Extra-Terminal domain
BRAF V-Raf Murine Sarcoma Viral Oncogene Homolog B
BTLA B- and T-lymphocyte attenuator
CAFs Cancer Associated Fibroblasts
CAR T Chimeric Antigen Receptor T cells
cGAS Cyclic GMP-AMP synthase
CML Chronic Myeloid Leukemia
CTLs Cytotoxic T-lymphocytes
CTLA-4 Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte-associated Antigen-4
DITC Dacarbazine
CBP/p300 CREB binding protein/p300
DNMT DNA methyltransferase
ECM Extracellular Matrix
EOMES Eomesodermin
ERK1 Extracellular signal-regulated kinase-1
ERVs Endogenous retroviruses
EZH2 Enhanced of Zeste Homolog 2
FOXP3 Forkhead box P3
HAT Histone acetyltransferase
H3K27me3 Trimethylation of Histone H3 at Lysine 27
H3K4 Histone H3 lysine 4
H3K9 Histone H3 lysine 9
H3K36 Histone H3 lysine 36
H3K79 Histone H4 lysine 79
H3K9me3 Trimethylation of Histone H3 at Lysine 9
H3K27me3 Trimethylation of Histone H3 at Lysine 27
H4K20 Histone H4 lysine 20
HDAC Histone deacetylase
HDM Histone demethylase
HLA Human leukocyte antigen
HMT Histone methyltransferase
HOTAIR HOX Transcript Antisense Intergenic RNA
ICAM-1 Intercellular adhesion molecule 1
ICIs Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors
IFN-n Interferon
IL-n Interleukin
ISGs Interferon Stimulated Genes
JAK/STAT Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription
JARID1B Jumonji AT-rich interactive domain 1B
JMJD2A Jumonji domain-containing protein 2A
JNK Jun N-terminal kinase
KDM6B lysine (K)-specific demethylase 6B
LAG3+ Lymphocyte-activation gene 3
LDH Lactate dehydrogenase
LMPn Latent membrane protein
lncRNAs Long non-coding RNAs
LSD1 Lysine-specific demethylase 1
MAGE Melanoma Antigen Gene
MALAT1 Metastasis-Associated Lung Adenocarcinoma Transcript 1
MDS Myelodysplastic syndrome
MDSCs Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells
MELOE Melanoma Overexpressed
MHC Major histocompatibility complex
miRNAs/microRNAs Small non-coding RNAs
MITF Microphthalmia-associated transcription factor
MKT2D Histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2D
NK Natural Killer
NSCLC Non-Small Cell Lung Carcinoma
nLSD1p Nuclear LSD1 phosphorylated at serine 111
PD-1 Programmed cell death protein 1
PD-L1 Programmed death-ligand 1
PFS Progression-free survival
PI3K/Akt phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Protein kinase B
PRC2 Polycomb repressive complex 2
PTM Post-translational modification
PTPN1 Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase Non-Receptor Type 1
SAMMSON Survival Associated Mitochondrial Melanoma Specific Oncogenic Non-coding RNA
SETDB1 SET Domain Bifurcated Histone Lysine Methyltransferase 1
SIRTs Sirtuins
SPRY4-IT1 SPRY4 Intronic Transcript 1
STAT Signal transducer and activator of transcription
STING Stimulator of interferon genes
TAMs Tumour-associated macrophages
TAPn Transporter associated with antigen processing
T-BET T-Box Transcription Factor 21
TGF-β Transforming growth factor beta
Th-1 T-helper cell type-1
TILS Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes
TIM3+ T cell immunoglobulin and mucin-domain containing-3
TME Tumour microenvironment
TNF-α Tumour necrosis factor alpha
TRAF6-TNF Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor Associated Factor 6-Tumor Necrosis Factor
Tregs Regulatory T cells
TSA Trichostatin
UCA1 Urothelial Carcinoma Associated 1