Table 1.
Demographics and baseline characteristics
| Variables | Intervention group (N = 215)/ n (%) or Mean (SD) |
Control group (N = 214)/ n (%) or Mean (SD) |
P value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sex | |||
| Male | 82 (38.14) | 97 (45.33) | 0.13 |
| Female | 133 (61.86) | 117 (54.67) | |
| Age | |||
| 60–69 yr | 128 (59.53) | 137 (64.02) | 0.34 |
| 70-yr | 87 (40.47) | 77 (35.98) | |
| Education | |||
| < High school | 170 (79.07) | 168 (78.50) | 0.89 |
| ≥High school | 45 (20.93) | 46 (21.50) | |
| Chronic disease | |||
| Yes | 133 (61.86) | 139 (64.95) | 0.51 |
| No | 82 (38.14) | 75 (35.05) | |
| BMI (kg/cm2) | 24.81 (2.94) | 25.29 (3.22) | 0.14 |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 87.22 (8.93) | 88.92 (9.74) | 0.07 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 136.15 (17.00) | 132.62 (13.73) | 0.02 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 78.38 (8.82) | 78.60 (8.62) | 0.80 |
| Grip (kg) | 28.03 (8.92) | 27.78 (8.57) | 0.76 |
| MVPA (hour/week) | 0.04 (0.18) | 0.04 (0.17) | 0.96 |
| LPA (hour/week) | 4.39 (2.93) | 5.12 (3.87) | < 0.01 |
| TUG (s) | 11.77 (3.77) | 12.27 (3.60) | 0.02 |
| BBS (score) | 49.44 (6.19) | 50.95 (5.13) | 0.01 |
| Fall efficacy (score) | 50.55(12.32) | 52.61(10.42) | 0.93 |
| Loneliness (score) | 13.53 (4.37) | 12.24 (3.75) | <0.01 |
Abbreviations: SD Standard Error, BMI Body Mass Index, SBP Systolic Blood Pressure, DBP Diastolic Blood Pressure, MVPA Moderate-to-vigorous Physical Activity, LPA Light Physical Activity, TUG Timed Up and Go test, BBS Berg Balance Scale