Abstract
Levels of stress, as measured by the general health questionnaire, were assessed in 318 medical students in their fourth year at three British universities. Mean scores were higher than those in other groups within the general population, and the estimated prevalence of emotional disturbance was 31.2%, a proportion similar to that reported in medical students in the United States. There were no differences in prevalence or in mean scores of stress between the sexes. Twelve (4%) students reported high intake of alcohol, and almost half of the students had increased their intake in the past two years. The four categories most commonly cited in answers to an open ended question on recent stressful events were talking to psychiatric patients, effects on personal life, presenting cases, and dealing with death and suffering. Relationships with consultants raised the strongest negative feelings, with 102 (34%) students finding these particularly stressful. Stress among medical students should be acknowledged and attempts made to alleviate it.
Full text
PDFSelected References
These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.
- Alexander D. A., Haldane J. D. Medical education: a student perspective. Med Educ. 1979 Sep;13(5):336–341. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2923.1979.tb01523.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Banks M. H., Jackson P. R. Unemployment and risk of minor psychiatric disorder in young people: cross-sectional and longitudinal evidence. Psychol Med. 1982 Nov;12(4):789–798. doi: 10.1017/s0033291700049096. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Banks M. H. Validation of the General Health Questionnaire in a young community sample. Psychol Med. 1983 May;13(2):349–353. doi: 10.1017/s0033291700050972. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Bjorksten O., Sutherland S., Miller C., Stewart T. Identification of medical student problems and comparison with those of other students. J Med Educ. 1983 Oct;58(10):759–767. doi: 10.1097/00001888-198310000-00001. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Bramble F. J. The treatment of adult enuresis and urge incontinence by enterocystoplasty. Br J Urol. 1982 Dec;54(6):693–696. doi: 10.1111/j.1464-410x.1982.tb13626.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Briscoe M. E. Sex differences in perception of illness and expressed life satisfaction. Psychol Med. 1978 May;8(2):339–345. doi: 10.1017/s0033291700014409. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Dashef S. S., Espey W. M., Lazarus J. A. Time-limited sensitivity groups for medical students. Am J Psychiatry. 1974 Mar;131(3):287–292. doi: 10.1176/ajp.131.3.287. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Davidson V. M. Coping styles of women medical students. J Med Educ. 1978 Nov;53(11):902–907. doi: 10.1097/00001888-197811000-00003. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Field D. Formal instruction in United Kingdom medical schools about death and dying. Med Educ. 1984 Nov;18(6):429–434. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2923.1984.tb01298.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Heins M., Fahey S. N., Leiden L. I. Perceived stress in medical, law, and graduate students. J Med Educ. 1984 Mar;59(3):169–179. doi: 10.1097/00001888-198403000-00003. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Huebner L. A., Royer J. A., Moore J. The assessment and remediation of dysfunctional stress in medical school. J Med Educ. 1981 Jul;56(7):547–558. doi: 10.1097/00001888-198107000-00002. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Jaspers M. T., Little J. W. Prophylactic antibiotic coverage in patients with total arthroplasty: current practice. J Am Dent Assoc. 1985 Dec;111(6):943–948. doi: 10.14219/jada.archive.1985.0224. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Lloyd C., Gartrell N. K. A further assessment of medical school stress. J Med Educ. 1983 Dec;58(12):964–967. doi: 10.1097/00001888-198312000-00008. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Lloyd C., Gartrell N. K. Psychiatric symptoms in medical students. Compr Psychiatry. 1984 Nov-Dec;25(6):552–565. doi: 10.1016/0010-440x(84)90036-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Lloyd C., Gartrell N. K. Sex differences in medical student mental health. Am J Psychiatry. 1981 Oct;138(10):1346–1351. doi: 10.1176/ajp.138.10.1346. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- McAuliffe W. E., Rohman M., Wechsler H. Alcohol, substance use, and other risk-factors of impairment in a sample of physicians-in-training. Adv Alcohol Subst Abuse. 1984 Winter;4(2):67–87. doi: 10.1300/J251v04n02_07. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- McCue J. D. The effects of stress on physicians and their medical practice. N Engl J Med. 1982 Feb 25;306(8):458–463. doi: 10.1056/NEJM198202253060805. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Mitchell R. E., Matthews J. R., Grandy T. G., Lupo J. V. The question of stress among first-year medical students. J Med Educ. 1983 May;58(5):367–372. doi: 10.1097/00001888-198305000-00001. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Murphy J. M., Nadelson C. C., Notman M. T. Factors influencing first-year medical students' perceptions of stress. J Human Stress. 1984 Winter;10(4):165–173. doi: 10.1080/0097840X.1984.9936055. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- PITTS F. N., Jr, WINOKUR G., STEWART M. A. Psychiatric syndromes, anxiety symptoms and responses to stress in medical students. Am J Psychiatry. 1961 Oct;118:333–340. doi: 10.1176/ajp.118.4.333. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Parsons K. F., Machin D. G., Woolfenden K. A., Walmsley B., Abercrombie G. F., Vinnicombe J. Endoscopic bladder transection. Br J Urol. 1984 Dec;56(6):625–628. doi: 10.1111/j.1464-410x.1984.tb06132.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Salmons P. H. Psychiatric illness in medical students. Br J Psychiatry. 1983 Nov;143:505–508. doi: 10.1192/bjp.143.5.505. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Spiro J. H., Roenneburg M., Maly B. J. Teaching doctors to treat doctors: medical peer counseling. J Med Educ. 1978 Dec;53(12):997–997. doi: 10.1097/00001888-197812000-00012. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Vaillant G. E., Sobowale N. C., McArthur C. Some psychologic vulnerabilities of physicians. N Engl J Med. 1972 Aug 24;287(8):372–375. doi: 10.1056/NEJM197208242870802. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Vernon S. W., Roberts R. E., Lee E. S. Ethnic status and participation in longitudinal health surveys. Am J Epidemiol. 1984 Jan;119(1):99–113. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a113731. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Vincent M. O. Some sequelae of stress in physicians. Psychiatr J Univ Ott. 1983 Sep;8(3):120–124. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Weinstein H. M. A committee on well-being of medical students and house staff. J Med Educ. 1983 May;58(5):373–381. doi: 10.1097/00001888-198305000-00002. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]