Figure - PMC

Skip to main content

An official website of the United States government

Here's how you know

Here's how you know

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

View full-text article in PMC

. 2026 Jul 13;17:1854234. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2026.1854234

Search in PMC
Search in PubMed
View in NLM Catalog
Add to search

Copyright © 2026 Liang, Griškova-Bulanova, Xiao, Zhao, Hou, Ren, Zhu, Truskauskaitė, Xiao and Rukšėnas.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

PMC Copyright notice

Flowchart diagram comparing two experimental sequences. Sequence A includes Pretest EO three minutes, Pretest EC three minutes, Mindful breathing fifteen minutes, Posttest EO three minutes, and Posttest EC three minutes. Sequence B includes Pretest EO three minutes, Pretest EC three minutes, Liuzijue breathing five minutes, Mindful breathing ten minutes, Posttest EO three minutes, and Posttest EC three minutes. EO and EC not defined in image. — Testing procedure for heart rate and heart rate variability. EO, eyes-open; EC, eyes-closed.