Table 5.

Analysis of cross-lagged path coefficients (Fried, frailty; Dep, depression; SPA, self-perceptions of aging; Est., estimate; S.E., standard error; C.R., critical ratio; T1-T3, waves 1–3).

Path	Est.	S.E.	C.R. (t)	p	β
Autoregressive paths
T1·Fried → T2·Fried	0.195	0.046	4.243	***	0.252
T2·Fried → T3·Fried	0.343	0.061	5.623	***	0.308
T1 Dep → T2 Dep	0.086	0.041	2.110	*	0.131
T2 Dep → T3·Dep	0.516	0.075	6.904	***	0.381
T1·SPA → T2·SPA	0.086	0.049	1.738	0.082	0.116
T2·SPA → T3·SPA	0.416	0.099	4.204	***	0.250
Cross-lagged Paths
(T1 → T2, T2 → T3)
T1 → T2
T1·Fried → T2·Dep	0.419	0.113	3.689	***	0.219
T1·Fried → T2·SPA	0.520	0.378	1.374	0.169	0.082
T1·Dep → T2·Fried	−0.018	0.016	−1.095	0.273	−0.068
T1·Dep → T2·SPA	0.567	0.136	4.179	***	0.260
T1·SPA → T2·Fried	−0.003	0.006	−0.555	0.579	−0.037
T1·SPA → T2·Dep	0.005	0.015	0.359	0.720	0.024
T2 → T3
T2·Fried → T3·Dep	0.092	0.181	0.507	0.612	0.027
T2·Fried → T3·SPA	0.559	0.809	0.691	0.489	0.041
T2·Dep → T3·Fried	0.053	0.025	2.096	*	0.118
T2·Dep → T3·SPA	0.530	0.335	1.582	0.114	0.096
T2·SPA → T3·Fried	0.012	0.007	1.561	0.118	0.086

*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001.