Table 3.

Paired augmentation ablation analysis on the CEUS domain-shift test.

Metric	Combined augmentation	Photometric augmentation	Noise augmentation	Blur augmentation
Dice	Diff. = 0.008; p < 0.001	Diff. = − 0.003; p = 0.353	Diff. = − 0.039; p < 0.001	Diff. = 0.009; p = 0.003
IoU	Diff. = 0.008; p < 0.001	Diff. = − 0.003; p = 0.336	Diff. = − 0.039; p < 0.001	Diff. = 0.013; p < 0.001
Boundary F1	Diff. = 0.004; p = 0.005	Diff. = 0.006; p < 0.001	Diff. = − 0.020; p < 0.001	Diff. = 0.013; p < 0.001
HD95	Diff. = − 2.126; p = 0.158	Diff. = 2.067; p = 0.081	Diff. = 8.358; p < 0.001	Diff. = 3.390; p < 0.001
Pixel ECE	Diff. = − 0.017; p < 0.001	Diff. = − 0.012; p < 0.001	Diff. = 0.126; p < 0.001	Diff. = − 0.038; p < 0.001

Paired differences are relative to Residual U-Net. p values were calculated using two-sided Wilcoxon signed-rank tests. For HD95 and Pixel ECE, lower values are favorable. Mean differences, 95% bootstrap confidence intervals, and the proportion of cases improved are reported in the supplement.