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. 2026 Jul 13;16:1872833. doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2026.1872833

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Copyright © 2026 Pan, Wei, Luo, Lin, Lu, Lin, Mai, Deng, Huang, Yu, Huang and Zhang.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Fifteen medical images are arranged in a grid, combining axial chest CT scans and bronchoscopic views. Each panel, labeled A to O, highlights lung or airway abnormalities with colored arrows. CT images (A, B, D, E, G, H, J) depict various lung masses or lesions, while bronchoscopic images (C, F, I, K, L, M, N, O) show endobronchial growths, obstructions, or mucosal irregularities. The arrows indicate the precise areas of clinical concern for each corresponding image. — (A, B) Chest CT of Patient 1 revealed irregular mass-like consolidation at the left hilum with narrowing of the left main bronchus. (C) Bronchoscopy in Patient 1 revealed a polypoid mass completely occluding the left upper-lobe orifice, with a rough surface that bled on contact. (D, E) Chest CT of Patient 19 revealed left-sided thoracic cage collapse, extensive consolidation, and complete luminal occlusion, with a nodular lesion visible in the left main bronchus (arrow); (F) bronchoscopy demonstrated a smooth-surfaced neoplasm obstructing the same bronchus. (G) Follow-up chest CT after anti-NTM therapy showed left upper lobe re-expansion, a reduction in pulmonary lesions, resolution of the nodule, and a patent airway. (H) Bronchoscopy of Patient 2 revealed multiple, variable-sized nodular lesions diffusely distributed along the distal tracheal wall; (I) follow-up bronchoscopy after anti-NTM therapy revealed complete regression of these previously noted tracheal masses. (J) Bronchoscopy of Patient 6 revealed two discrete polypoid masses within the mid-tracheal lumen. (K) Bronchoscopy of Patient 16 revealed a widened carina with an irregular mass extending into both main-stem bronchi, causing bilateral proximal bronchial stenosis. (L) Bronchoscopy of Patient 18 revealed stenosis of the right middle-lobe orifice, with associated mucosal swelling, thickening, and surface ulceration. (M) Diffuse variably-sized nodular lesions in the lower trachea (Patient 2). (N) Complete resolution of lower tracheal lesions after 2-month anti-NTM therapy. (O) Resolution of the brownish lesion at the membranous portion of the right intermediate bronchus (Patient 18) following anti-NTM therapy.