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. 2026 Jul 13;17:1820550. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2026.1820550

Table 4.

Results of hierarchical linear regression.

Variable PWM ER
Model 1 Model 2 Model 3 Model 4 Model 5 Model 6 Model 7
Gender −0.106 (0.057) −0.095 (0.052) −0.092 (0.051) −0.075 (0.051) −0.034 (0.043) −0.025 (0.039) 0.012 (0.033)
Age 0.037 (0.060) 0.019 (0.055) 0.022 (0.054) 0.025 (0.053) 0.053 (0.045) 0.038 (0.041) 0.031 (0.035)
Edu 0.069 (0.045) 0.013 (0.041) 0.007 (0.041) −0.021 (0.042) 0.088* (0.034) 0.044 (0.031) 0.039 (0.026)
Work 0.025 (0.042) 0.046 (0.039) 0.039 (0.038) 0.034 (0.038) 0.014 (0.032) 0.030 (0.029) 0.011 (0.025)
AIU 0.246*** (0.029) 0.236*** (0.030) 0.235*** (0.029) 0.191*** (0.022) 0.094*** (0.021)
PWM 0.396*** (0.035)
JC 0.068* (0.030) 0.080** (0.030)
AIU × JC −0.124** (0.037)
R 2 0.029 0.200 0.213 0.239 0.045 0.223 0.440
ΔR2 0.029 0.171 0.013 0.026 0.045 0.179 0.217
F 2.450* 16.295*** 14.625*** 14.517*** 3.811** 18.740*** 42.625***
ΔF 2.450* 69.619*** 5.198* 11.156** 3.811** 75.004*** 126.095***

Unstandardized coefficients are reported; standard errors are shown in parentheses. ***p < 0.001, **p < 0.01, *p < 0.05. AIU, AI usage; PWM, perceived work meaningfulness; JC, job complexity; ER, employee resilience.