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. 2026 Jul 13;14:1808521. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2026.1808521

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Copyright © 2026 Yuan, Wang, Liu, Yang, Zhang and Li.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Conceptual diagram illustrating the evolution from foundational interaction models in environmental psychology to a dynamic open system framework and methodological advances. Visual highlights key elements, feedback loops, and progression toward system-level coupling and adaptive aging outcomes. — An analytical framework based on questionnaire surveys and home visits.