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. 2026 Jul 13;14:1808521. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2026.1808521

Table 10.

Health clusters among older adults individuals with different emotional categories.

Differences in physical decline among older adults across psychological types F P-value
Clustering categories (mean ±standard deviation)
Types PTA PTB PTC
Vision 3.45 ± 0.86 3.51 ± 0.97 3.17 ± 1.04 5.59 0.00 **
Hearing 3.38 ± 0.91 3.43 ± 0.83 3.00 ± 0.97 9.98 0.00 **
Memory 3.53 ± 0.85 3.67 ± 0.92 3.14 ± 0.98 12.90 0.00 **
Mobility of the limbs 3.37 ± 0.81 3.57 ± 0.98 3.00 ± 0.99 13.66 0.00 **
Appetite and digestive function 3.28 ± 0.80 3.53 ± 0.89 2.95 ± 0.97 14.32 0.00 **
Disease resistance 3.34 ± 0.91 3.71 ± 0.97 2.84 ± 1.04 26.43 0.00 **
Mean 3.39 ± 0.86 3.57 ± 0.93 3.02 ± 0.99
Different psychological types of older adults and the presence of chronic conditions requiring long-term medication Total X 2 P -value
Cluster categories (sample size, %)
Problem Items PTA PTB PTC
Whether have any chronic condition that requires long-term medication? Yes 104 (40.8) 53 (49.5) 38 (25.9) 195 (38.3) 16.010 0.000
No 151 (59.2) 54 (50.5) 109 (74.1) 314 (61.7)
Total 255 (100.0) 107 (100.0) 147 (100.0) 509 (100.0)
Physical decline among older adults with PTB
Clustering categories (mean ±standard deviation)
Sensitivity and fear Self-esteem and inferiority Loneliness and loss
Fifty-three older adults with PTB receiving medication 3.04 ± 0.87 3.60 ± 0.93 3.67 ± 0.83
The mean value of older adults with PTB 3.13 ± 0.77 3.55 ± 0.84 3.40 ± 0.83
Analysis of Physical Functional Status among Older Adults in PTB
Clustering categories (mean ±standard deviation)
Sensitivity and fear Self-esteem and inferiority Loneliness and loss
Older adults with PTB whose mean scores across six indicators exceeded 3.57 (n = 56) 3.08 ± 0.72 3.80 ± 0.86 3.97 ± 0.92
Overall mean scores of older adults with PTB (n = 107) 3.13 ± 0.77 3.55 ± 0.84 3.40 ± 0.83
Bar chart with two panels labeled a and b. Both show percentages for five categories of willingness: very weak, weak, moderate, strong, and very strong, using different colors. Panel a shows very weak willingness at 23.18 percent, weak willingness at 23.97 percent, moderate willingness at 31.63 percent, strong willingness at 14.73 percent, and very strong willingness at 6.48 percent. Panel b shows very weak willingness at 19.65 percent, weak willingness at 22.59 percent, moderate willingness at 29.27 percent, strong willingness at 17.68 percent, and very strong willingness at 10.81 percent.
Whether the need for long-term medication increases with age

*P < 0.05; **P < 0.01. Bold values indicate statistically significant between-group test statistics and their corresponding P-values (P < 0.05). *P < 0.05 and **P < 0.01 indicate statistical significance at the 5% and 1% levels, respectively, following conventional medical-statistical reporting practice. Reference: Altman (1990), DOI: 10.1201/9780429258589.