Table 3.
Univariate regression and subgroup analysis in human studies.
| Variables | Chi square | I2 (%) | p value | Number of studies | Sensitivity (95%CI) | Specificity (95%CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age | 1.97 | 0 | 0.37 | 11 | 0.90 [0.74–0.96] | 0.87 [0.75–0.94] |
| Diagnostic modality | 5.98 | 67 | 0.05 | |||
| Physical exam | 4 | 0.81 [0.55–1.00] | 0.97 [0.92–1.00] | |||
| Imaging with algorithm | 2 | 0.96 [0.85–1.00] | 0.89 [0.69–1.00] | |||
| Standardized interview and scales | 5 | 0.90 [0.77–1.00] | 0.77 [0.59–0.96] | |||
| Reference | 1.77 | 0 | 0.41 | |||
| Non-clinical diagnosis | 2 | 0.68 [0.22–1.00] | 0.89 [0.67–1.00] | |||
| Clinical diagnosis | 9 | 0.92 [0.84–1.00] | 0.88 [0.78–0.98] | |||
| Phase | 1.43 | 0 | 0.49 | |||
| Acute | 1 | 0.69 [0.00–1.00] | 0.82 [0.38–1.00] | |||
| Chronic | 7 | 0.84 [0.67–1.00] | 0.88 [0.76–1.00] | |||
| Not specified | 3 | / | / |
Analyses for male proportion and reference standard were not performed because of missing values and limited sample size, respectively.