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. 2026 Jul 13;13:1877513. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2026.1877513

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Copyright © 2026 Liang, Ying, He, Yu, Chen, Tang, Lin, Zhang and Shen.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Network diagram illustrating links between six diet components, ten bridge metabolites, and the outcome of incident lung cancer. Arrows indicate relationships, with green and red lines denoting the direction and type of association. — Plasma fatty acid proportional measures meeting dual-path FDR criteria. Hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals correspond to a 1-SD higher Nightingale NMR-derived plasma measure. Saturated fatty acids to total fatty acids percentage was associated with higher incident lung cancer risk, whereas linoleic acid to total fatty acids percentage and polyunsaturated fatty acids to total fatty acids percentage were associated with lower risk. Linoleic acid is an omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid; therefore, the displayed measures are correlated and hierarchically related rather than independent biological pathways.