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. 2026 Jul 13;13:1877513. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2026.1877513

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Copyright © 2026 Liang, Ying, He, Yu, Chen, Tang, Lin, Zhang and Shen.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Heatmap displaying adjusted hazard ratios by WCRF/AICR diet score quartile and metabolomic bridge score quartile, with each cell showing hazard ratio values and sample sizes, color-coded by log hazard ratio from -0.50 to 0.00. — Exploratory joint analysis of WCRF/AICR dietary score and plasma metabolomic bridge score categories. Participants were cross-classified into 16 mutually exclusive categories according to quartiles of the UK Biobank-adapted WCRF/AICR dietary adherence score and quartiles of the FDR-restricted plasma bridge score. Hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals are shown relative to the reference group of diet Q1 and bridge score Q1. The joint categories are displayed without imposing a continuous trend. Because confidence intervals were wide and no clear monotonic gradient was observed, this joint analysis should be interpreted as exploratory and hypothesis-generating.