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. 2026 Jul 13;13:1878848. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2026.1878848

Figure 2.

Forest plot showing mean differences and ninety-five percent confidence intervals comparing nutrient intake from eating alone versus eating together, across subgroups including cereals and tubers, fruits, vegetables, meat and seafood, milk and dairy products, soybeans, eggs, and seaweed. Studies from Kwon et al. 2023, Minagawa-Watanabe et al. 2025, and Takiguchi et al. 2023 are included for each food category. Subgroup summary effect sizes are represented by blue diamonds, with green squares indicating individual study effect sizes. Horizontal lines depict confidence intervals. Weight percentages and heterogeneity statistics are reported for each subgroup.

Differences in food intake between older adults eating alone and eating together.