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. 2026 Jul 13;17:1856605. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2026.1856605

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Copyright © 2026 Huang, Liang, Li, Li and Cui.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Line graph showing the odds ratio for CAS with ninety-five percent confidence interval against the FIB-4 index. The red line indicates a non-linear positive association, with shaded confidence band widening at higher FIB-4 values. A horizontal dashed line marks odds ratio one, and a vertical dashed line marks FIB-4 equal to one point zero six. P-values for overall and non-linearity effects are both less than zero point zero zero zero one. — Prevalence of carotid atherosclerosis according to FIB-4 quartiles.