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. 2026 Jul 13;17:1880997. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2026.1880997

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Copyright © 2026 Satria, Kusuma, Isnani, Sukorini, Ratnaningsih, Herningtyas, Intansari, Windarwati, Harahap, Syaifullah, Hikmatul, Bodiwan, Prabasaktya, Santoso, Darmawan, Mugiyanto, Ardianto, Irham, Lin, Chen and Adikusuma.

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Bubble chart visualizing cell type enrichment with log2 of enrichment ratio on the x-axis and negative log10 of FDR on the y-axis. Larger, darker bubbles such as Macrophage and M2 Macrophage show higher enrichment and significance. Other labeled cell types include Hepatocyte/Endodermal, Fasciculata, Adrenal gland inflammatory, Epithelial, Dendritic, Monocyte, Astrocyte, and Proximal tubule progenitor. A purple color gradient bar at the top left represents bubble size, corresponding to a numerical scale from 20 to 140. — Cell-type enrichment analysis of the 1,288 IEM-associated genes. The analysis identified significant overlap between the IEM-associated gene set and macrophage-related reference expression signatures, including a dataset annotated as M2 macrophages. These findings do not establish macrophage abundance, functional activation, or polarization in patient samples. This figure was generated using WebGestalt (https://www.webgestalt.org).