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. 2026 Jul 13;17:1854406. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2026.1854406

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Copyright © 2026 Nam and Ferrarezi.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Horizontal bar chart showing predictor importance ranked from highest to lowest: ePPFD15, ePPFDi, VPD, CO₂, and Temp. Importance values range from 0 to 20, with ePPFD15 being highest. Chart highlights relative contributions of each predictor. — Variable importance for predicting the quantum yield of photosystem II (Φ_PSII) from the final multiple linear regression (MLR) model. Importance values are based on standardized regression coefficients. Predictors include extended photosynthetic photon flux density averaged over 15 minutes (ePPFD15), instantaneous ePPFD (ePPFDi), vapor pressure deficit (VPD), carbon dioxide concentration (CO₂), and air temperature (Temp). Higher values indicate stronger influence on the model.