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. 2026 Jul 13;17:1854406. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2026.1854406

Table 5.

Growth and energy parameters measured 15 days after light treatments.

Target ETR Shoot fresh weight (g) Shoot dry weight (g) Leaf chlorophyll content Leaf anthocyanin content Total energy use (kWh) Energy use efficiency
(g FW·kWh-1)
Energy use efficiency
(g DW·kWh-1)
BFB-ETR 100 177 ± 11 8.07 ± 0.49 9.67 ± 0.41 3.63 ± 0.09 8.08 21.9 ± 1.4 a 1.00 ± 0.06 a
BFB-ΦPSII 0.68 157 ± 13 7.54 ± 0.60 9.09 ± 0.19 3.63 ± 0.15 8.73 18.0 ± 1.5 b 0.86 ± 0.07 ab
ML-ETR 100 180 ± 12 8.31 ± 0.57 10.17 ± 0.46 4.00 ± 0.09 9.40 19.1 ± 1.3 ab 0.88 ± 0.06 ab
ML-ΦPSII 0.68 179 ± 12 8.38 ± 0.42 9.79 ± 0.41 3.87 ± 0.16 9.86 18.2 ± 1.2 ab 0.85 ± 0.04 ab
PPFD 350 171 ± 6 7.70 ± 0.24 9.68 ± 0.35 3.71 ± 0.15 9.67 17.7 ± 0.6 b 0.80 ± 0.02 b
P-values 0.23 0.38 0.37 0.079 0.006 0.011

Parameters include shoot fresh weight, shoot dry weight, leaf chlorophyll and anthocyanin content, total energy use, and energy use efficiency.

Values are means ± standard errors (n = 5). Different letters within each column indicate significant differences at α = 0.05, according to Tukey’s HSD test.