Table 2.
Quantitative cytokine levels.
| Group | Treatment | TNF-α (pg/mL) | IL-6 (pg/mL) | IL-1β (pg/mL) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| G1 | Control | 22.6 ± 1.8 | 18.4 ± 1.5 | 15.2 ± 1.3 |
| G2 | LPS (Inflammatory Control) | 86.7 ± 3.2 | 79.5 ± 3.0 | 72.1 ± 2.8 |
| G3 | LPS + PME (25%) | 65.4 ± 2.7 | 58.6 ± 2.5 | 54.8 ± 2.4 |
| G4 | LPS + PME (50%) | 49.8 ± 2.1 | 44.3 ± 2.0 | 41.7 ± 1.9 |
| G5 | LPS + PME (75%) | 34.2 ± 1.9 | 30.6 ± 1.7 | 28.4 ± 1.6 |
| G6 | LPS + Mixed PME Consortium | 28.9 ± 1.6 | 25.7 ± 1.5 | 23.6 ± 1.4 |
| Positive Control | Dexamethasone (1 µM) | 31.5 ± 1.8 | 28.4 ± 1.7 | 25.9 ± 1.6 |
Values represent mean ± SD from three independent biological replicates. Cytokine levels were significantly reduced in probiotic-treated groups compared with the inflammatory control group (G2) (*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01).