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. 2026 Jul 13;17:1893876. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2026.1893876

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Copyright © 2026 Jiang, Xuan, Ye, Guo, Jiang, Zhang, Ruan, Wu, Wang, Tang, Zhang and Zhang.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Two-panel data visualization compares odds ratio (OR, panel A) and hazard ratio (HR, panel B) versus adropin levels with 95 percent confidence intervals, showing significant overall associations (p<0.001) and indicating non-linear association for HR (p=0.0035) but not OR (p=0.3069); a vertical dashed line marks adropin at approximately 5.2 in both panels. — RCS analyses of the association between serum adropin and DKD. (A) RCS analysis of the cross-sectional dose–response association between serum adropin and prevalent DKD. (B) RCS analysis of the longitudinal dose–response association between serum adropin and incident DKD. Solid lines represent adjusted estimates and shaded areas indicate 95% CIs. The vertical dashed line denotes the reference value of serum adropin. Models were adjusted for age, sex, BMI, smoking status, alcohol consumption, hypertension and medication use.