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. 2026 Jul 13;16:1867715. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2026.1867715

Figure 3.

Seven-part medical collage showing MRI scans of a brain tumor before and after intervention, procedural images with surgical needles inserted in the brain (B and C), a dose-volume histogram chart (E) depicting radiation dose distribution between gross tumor volume (GTV) and brainstem, and post-treatment MRI images (D, F, G) showing reduced tumor mass and changes following therapy.

A case of glioblastoma progression after radiotherapy and temozolomide treatment receiving 3D-printed template-assisted ¹²5I brachytherapy. (A) Preoperative contrast-enhanced MRI showing tumor invasion into the right lateral ventricle. (B, C) Needles were inserted into the tumor through the template and displayed by MR images. (D) Post-operative CT/MR fusion images. (E) Postoperative dose volume histogram (D90 = 151.1 Gy). (F, G) Contrast-enhanced T1W images were obtained at 6 and 12 months after brachytherapy. These images demonstrate a significant reduction in tumor enhancement along with a marked decrease in mass effect, indicating effective local control.