Table 13. Benchmarking of current study against major published series.

Literature benchmarks were derived from landmark studies including the Mayo Clinic Meckel’s diverticulum series, NANETS neuroendocrine tumor (NET) guidelines, European Society for Medical Oncology (ESMO) gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) cohorts, and contemporary Crohn’s disease surgical studies.

Parameter	Current study (n = 34)	Mayo Clinic Meckel series (Park et al.) [20]	NANETS midgut NET studies [21,22]	ESMO/European GIST cohorts [23,24]	Contemporary Crohn’s surgical cohorts [25-27]
Study population	Uncommon surgically managed small intestinal disorders	Meckel’s diverticulum	Small bowel NETs	GIST	Crohn’s disease
Sample size	34	1,476	Large multicenter consensus datasets	Multicenter European cohorts	Large tertiary referral cohorts
Mean age (years)	46.7 ± 16.4	Predominantly adults	60–65	55–65	25–40
Male sex (%)	70.6%	~75% symptomatic cases	55–60%	50–60%	45–55%
Abdominal pain (%)	100%	Variable	Common	Common	Common
Obstruction (%)	44.1%	Major adult presentation	Frequent advanced presentation	Less common	Common
GI bleeding (%)	20.6%	Most common symptomatic adult presentation	May occur	Rare	Uncommon
Surgical treatment (%)	100%	100% resected cases	Surgical resection cornerstone	Complete surgical excision cornerstone	Surgery for complicated disease
Recurrence (%)	5.9%	Very low after resection	Variable by stage	10–40% depending on risk	20–40% long-term
Overall morbidity (%)	11.8%	Low	10–20%	10–25%	20–35%
Overall survival (%)	100%	Favourable	5-year survival often >80–90% for localized disease	Favorable after complete resection and adjuvant therapy	Favorable but recurrent disease common