Table 3.

AMSTAR-2 rating with key strength and weakness

Study (Author, Year)	Type	AMSTAR-2 Rating	Key Strengths	Key Limitations
Liu et al.	Meta-analysis	Moderate to Low	Appropriate methods, duplicate review, RoB assessed	No protocol, no study details, no heterogeneity discussion
Slagter et al.	Systematic Review + Meta-analysis	Moderate	Protocol registered, RoB and publication bias assessed	No excluded studies list, partial statistical reporting
Madhavan et al.	Systematic Review + Meta-analysis	Moderate	Strong methods, heterogeneity explained, RoB assessed	No RoB impact discussion, no excluded studies listed
Wagenaar et al.	Systematic Review	Low	Search strategy, RoB assessed, duplicate review	No protocol, no PICO, no CoI, no heterogeneity or publication bias
O’Connor-Cordova et al.	Systematic Review + Meta-analysis	Moderate to Low	Protocol, bias handling, meta-analysis methods	No heterogeneity or publication bias assessment, weak recommendation
Territo et al.	Systematic Review	Low	Clear PICO, good process, RoB assessed	No protocol, no RoB impact, no CoI, no publication bias, no recommendation

RoB: Risk of Bias; PICO: Population, Intervention, Comparator, Outcome; CoI: Conflict of Interest