| EOS | early-onset sepsis |
| LOS | late-onset sepsis |
| LMICs | low- and middle-income countries |
| NICU | neonatal intensive care unit |
| IQR | interquartile range |
| ASP | Antimicrobial Stewardship Programs |
| AMR | antimicrobial resistance |
| VNCH | Vietnam National Children’s Hospital |
| DOT | days of therapy |
| LOT | length of therapy |