Table 2.
The prevalence of good sleep quality and sleep durations among men and women aged 60 + years by selected characteristics in this study (N = 5,484).
| Characteristics | % (n/N) of participants with good sleep quality | % (n/N) of participants within categories of sleep time (hour/day) | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PSQI-based good sleep quality (PSQI≤7)a | χ 2 | p-valueb | Self-rated good sleep qualityc | χ 2 | p-valueb | 7.0–7.9 | 6.0–6.9 | 8.0–8.9 | <6.0 | ≥9.0 | χ 2 | p-valueb | ||
| Overall | 77.7 (4,263/5484) | 86.7 (4,754/5484) | 30.3 (1,664/5484) | 22.9 (1,255/5484) | 24.8 (1,359/5484) | 13.4 (735/5484) | 8.6 (471/5484) | |||||||
| Age (years) | 60–69 | 80.1 (2,528/3157) | 87.0 (2,748/3157) | 31.5 (996/3157) | 21.6 (681/3157) | 25.7 (810/3157) | 13.3 (421/3157) | 7.9 (249/3157) | ||||||
| 70–79 | 77.0 (1,318/1711) | 46.37 | <0.001 | 87.1 (1,491/1711) | 5.73 | 0.057 | 29.9 (511/1711) | 24.5 (420/1711) | 22.7 (389/1711) | 13.4 (229/1711) | 9.5 (162/1711) | 20.69 | 0.008 | |
| 80+ | 67.7 (417/616) | 83.6 (515/616) | 25.5 (157/616) | 25.0 (154/616) | 26.0 (160/616) | 13.8 (85/616) | 9.7 (60/616) | |||||||
| Gender | Men | 80.1 (2,153/2687) | 17.41 | <0.001 | 89.0 (2,392/2687) | 24.84 | <0.001 | 30.3 (814/2687) | 22.1 (594/2687) | 25.0 (673/2687) | 13.0 (349/2687) | 9.6 (257/2687) | 8.07 | 0.089 |
| Women | 75.4 (2,110/2797) | 84.4 (2,362/2797) | 30.4 (850/2797) | 23.6 (661/2797) | 24.5 (686/2797) | 13.8 (386/2797) | 7.7 (214/2797) | |||||||
| Area d | Urban | 76.4 (1,639/2144) | 3.38 | 0.066 | 86.7 (1858/2144) | 0.002 | 0.961 | 29.9 (641/2144) | 25.6 (548/2144) | 22.2 (476/2144) | 15.1 (324/2144) | 7.2 (155/2144) | 35.94 | <0.001 |
| Suburban | 78.6 (2,624/3340) | 86.7 (2,896/3340) | 30.6 (1,023/3340) | 21.2 (707/3340) | 26.4 (883/3340) | 12.3 (411/3340) | 9.5 (316/3340) | |||||||
| Educational attainment (schooling years) | 0–6 | 75.7 (2060/2721) | 86.0 (2,340/2721) | 29.4 (799/2721) | 21.8 (593/2721) | 25.6 (696/2721) | 13.2 (358/2721) | 10.1 (275/2721) | ||||||
| 7-,12 | 79.5 (1960/2465) | 13.46 | 0.001 | 87.2 (2,149/2465) | 2.94 | 0.230 | 32.0 (788/2465) | 24.1 (594/2465) | 23.5 (579/2465) | 13.6 (336/2465) | 6.8 (168/2465) | 28.55 | <0.001 | |
| 13+ | 81.5 (243/298) | 88.9 (256/298) | 25.8 (77/298) | 22.8 (68/298) | 28.2 (84/298) | 13.8 (41/298) | 9.4 (28/298) | |||||||
| Occupation e | Domestic worker | 82.2 (884/1075) | 87.7 (943/1075) | 29.7 (319/1075) | 20.0 (215/1075) | 29.8 (320/1075) | 10.6 (114/1075) | 10.0 (107/1075) | ||||||
| Industrial worker | 74.0 (1722/2327) | 86.2 (2006/2327) | 30.2 (703/2327) | 22.9 (532/2327) | 20.8 (483/2327) | 17.1 (399/2327) | 9.0 (210/2327) | |||||||
| Service/sales worker | 81.4 (275/338) | 36.34 | <0.001 | 86.7 (293/338) | 6.03 | 0.303 | 32.8 (111/338) | 17.2 (58/338) | 29.6 (100/338) | 14.8 (50/338) | 5.6 (19/338) | 129.63 | <0.001 | |
| Office worker | 78.8 (349/443) | 89.2 (395/443) | 26.0 (115/443) | 26.6 (118/443) | 30.5 (135/443) | 12.6 (56/443) | 4.3 (19/443) | |||||||
| Academic/research staff | 79.9 (307/384) | 84.1 (323/384) | 30.2 (116/384) | 23.7 (91/384) | 23.4 (90/384) | 12.2 (47/384) | 10.4 (40/384) | |||||||
| Self-employed | 79.2 (726/917) | 86.6 (794/917) | 32.7 (300/917) | 26.3 (241/917) | 25.2 (231/917) | 7.5 (69/917) | 8.3 (76/917) | |||||||
| Marital status | Single | 68.7 (521/758) | 41.18 | <0.001 | 81.4 (617/758) | 21.33 | <0.001 | 27.3 (207/758) | 23.0 (174/758) | 23.2 (176/758) | 17.8 (135/758) | 8.7 (66/758) | 16.30 | 0.003 |
| Married/having a partner | 79.2 (3,742/4726) | 87.5 (4,137/4726) | 30.8 (1,457/4726) | 22.9 (1,081/4726) | 25.0 (1,183/4726) | 12.7 (600/4726) | 8.6 (405/4726) | |||||||
| Smoking f | No | 77.4 (3,226/4168) | 1.13 | 0.287 | 86.2 (3,591/4168) | 4.26 | 0.039 | 30.3 (1,262/4168) | 23.2 (966/4168) | 25.1 (1,046/4168) | 13.1 (548/4168) | 8.3 (346/4168) | 3.88 | 0.423 |
| Yes | 78.8 (1,037/1316) | 88.4 (1,163/1316) | 30.5 (402/1316) | 22.0 (289/1316) | 23.8 (313/1316) | 14.2 (187/1316) | 9.5 (125/1316) | |||||||
| Drinking g | No | 77.3 (3,689/4773) | 4.24 | 0.040 | 86.3 (4,121/4773) | 3.88 | 0.049 | 30.3 (1,444/4773) | 23.1 (1,101/4773) | 24.9 (1,189/4773) | 13.5 (644/4773) | 8.3 (395/4773) | 5.30 | 0.258 |
| Yes | 80.7 (574/711) | 89.0 (633/711) | 30.9 (220/711) | 21.7 (154/711) | 23.9 (170/711) | 12.8 (91/711) | 10.7 (76/711) | |||||||
| Body weight status h | BMI < 24 | 76.2 (1787/2346) | 86.3 (2024/2346) | 29.4 (690/2346) | 22.5 (529/2346) | 25.7 (604/2346) | 13.6 (320/2346) | 8.7 (203/2346) | ||||||
| 24 ≤ BMI < 28 | 78.5 (1800/2293) | 6.59 | 0.037 | 86.7 (1987/2293) | 1.48 | 0.478 | 31.1 (713/2293) | 22.5 (517/2293) | 24.3 (558/2293) | 13.3 (306/2293) | 8.7 (199/2293) | 4.95 | 0.763 | |
| BMI ≥ 28 | 80.0 (676/845) | 87.9 (743/845) | 30.9 (261/845) | 24.7 (209/845) | 23.3 (197/845) | 12.9 (109/845) | 8.2 (69/845) | |||||||
a: PSQI-based sleep quality was categorized as “good (PSQI ≤7)” or “poor (PSQI >7).” b: Chi-square test. c: Self-rated sleep quality was classified as “good (excellent or good)” or “poor (poor or very poor).” d: Areas were categorized as urban and suburban districts based on the official classifications released by China National Bureau of Statistics. e: Occupation referred to job before retirement, and was classified for each participant based on recommendations by China National Center for Chronic Non-communicable Disease Prevention and Control. f: Smoking status was defined as smokers (current- and ex-smokers) and non-smokers (who never smoked cigarettes). g: Drinkers were defined as persons who drank alcohol, on average, at least two times a week for more than 1 year, while non-drinkers were those people who did not meet drinker’s definition. h: Body weight status was categorized based on cutoffs of body mass index (BMI) recommendations for Chinese adults.