Table 4.
The relationship between PSQI-based sleep quality and fatigue among men and women aged 60 + years in this study (N = 5,484).
| Characteristics | PSQI-based sleep qualityb | OR (95%CI) for experiencing fatiguea | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| % (n/N) of physical fatiguec | Model 1† | Model 2‡ | % (n/N) of mental fatiguec | Model 1† | Model 2‡ | |||
| Overall | Poor | 70.7 (863/1221) | 1 | 1 | 62.6 (764/1221) | 1 | 1 | |
| Good | 55.6 (2,370/4263) | 0.52 (0.45, 0.60) | 0.61 (0.53, 0.70) | 47.8 (2039/4263) | 0.55 (0.48, 0.63) | 0.65 (0.56, 0.74) | ||
| Age (years) | 60–69 | Poor | 66.9 (421/629) | 1 | 1 | 58.2 (366/629) | 1 | 1 |
| Good | 54.0 (1,364/2528) | 0.58 (0.48, 0.70) | 0.63 (0.52, 0.77) | 46.8 (1,183/2528) | 0.63 (0.53, 0.75) | 0.72 (0.59, 0.86) | ||
| 70–79 | Poor | 71.0 (279/393) | 1 | 1 | 64.6 (254/393) | 1 | 1 | |
| Good | 56.9 (750/1318) | 0.54 (0.42, 0.69) | 0.61 (0.47, 0.79) | 48.1 (634/1318) | 0.51 (0.40, 0.64) | 0.57 (0.45, 0.73) | ||
| 80+ | Poor | 81.9 (163/199) | 1 | 1 | 72.4 (144/199) | 1 | 1 | |
| Good | 61.4 (256/417) | 0.35 (0.23, 0.53) | 0.46 (0.29, 0.72) | 53.2 (222/417) | 0.44 (0.30, 0.63) | 0.58 (0.39, 0.86) | ||
| Gender | Men | Poor | 70.4 (376/534) | 1 | 1 | 62.9 (336/534) | 1 | 1 |
| Good | 54.8 (1,180/2153) | 0.51 (0.42, 0.63) | 0.61 (0.50, 0.76) | 47.4 (1,020/2153) | 0.53 (0.44, 0.65) | 0.66 (0.53, 0.81) | ||
| Women | Poor | 70.9 (487/687) | 1 | 1 | 62.3 (428/687) | 1 | 1 | |
| Good | 56.4 (1,190/2110) | 0.53 (0.44, 0.64) | 0.60 (0.49, 0.73) | 48.3 (1,019/2110) | 0.57 (0.47, 0.67) | 0.64 (0.53, 0.78) | ||
| Area | Urban | Poor | 68.9 (348/505) | 1 | 1 | 62.6 (316/505) | 1 | 1 |
| Good | 55.6 (912/1639) | 0.57 (0.46, 0.70) | 0.66 (0.52, 0.82) | 49.4 (809/1639) | 0.58 (0.48, 0.72) | 0.70 (0.56, 0.87) | ||
| Sub-urban | Poor | 71.9 (515/716) | 1 | 1 | 62.6 (448/716) | 1 | 1 | |
| Good | 55.6 (1,458/2624) | 0.49 (0.41, 0.58) | 0.57 (0.47, 0.69) | 46.9 (1,230/2624) | 0.53 (0.45, 0.63) | 0.62 (0.52, 0.74) | ||
a: OR = odds ratio, CI = confidence interval. b: PSQI-based sleep quality was categorized as “good (PSQI ≤7)” or “poor (PSQI >7).” c: Fatigue was assessed using Pittsburgh Fatigability Scale (PFS), with PFS≥15 and 13 indicating high physical and mental fatigability, respectively. † Model 1 was an unadjusted mixed-effect logistic regression model with PSQI sleep quality as the single predictor and adjustment for neighborhood-level clustering effects. ‡ Model 2 was a multivariate mixed-effect logistics regression model with adjustment for age (where applicable), gender (where applicable), educational attainment, marital status, occupation, body weight status, smoking, drinking, physical activity, meat consumption, vegetable consumption, self-reported histories of main chronic diseases (diabetes, hypertension, COPD, stroke, coronary heart disease, kidney disease, cancer, abnormal lipid profile), frailty, depression, and neighborhood-level clustering effects in addition to those included in Model 1.