| BTA | Bos taurus autosome |
| CV | Cross-validation |
| DAVID | Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery |
| FIS | Inbreeding coefficient of an individual relative to the subpopulation |
| FIT | Inbreeding coefficient of an individual relative to the total population |
| FST | Fixation index |
| GBTS | Genotyping by target sequencing |
| GCA | Genome assembly accession |
| GGP | GeneSeek Genomic Profiler |
| GO | Gene Ontology |
| GO-BP | Gene Ontology biological process |
| GO-CC | Gene Ontology cellular component |
| GO-MF | Gene Ontology molecular function |
| HE | Expected heterozygosity |
| HO | Observed heterozygosity |
| Hu | Hungarian buffalo population |
| KEGG | Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes |
| LD | Linkage disequilibrium |
| MAF | Minor allele frequency |
| NJ | Neighbor-joining |
| PCA | Principal component analysis |
| PLINK | Whole-genome association analysis toolset |
| QC | Quality control |
| Ro | Romanian buffalo population |
| ROH | Runs of homozygosity |
| SNP | Single-nucleotide polymorphism |
| UMD | University of Maryland bovine genome assembly |
| VCF | Variant call format |
| WGS | Whole-genome sequencing |
| ΔAF | Absolute allele-frequency difference |
| π | Nucleotide diversity |
| r2 | Squared correlation coefficient |
| ZFST | Standardized FST |
| ZΔAF | Standardized absolute allele-frequency difference |