BAL	Bronchoalveolar
BMP	Bone morphogenetic protein
CT	Computed tomography
eNOS	Endothelial nitric oxide synthase
EMT	Epithelial–mesenchymal transition
ERA	Endothelin receptor antagonist
ET-1	Endothelin-1
FC	Functional class
HCV	Hepatitis C virus
HH	Hepatic hydrothorax
HO-1	Heme oxygenase-1
HPS	Hepatopulmonary syndrome
IL	Interleukin
IFN-α	Interferon-alpha
iNOS	Inducible nitric oxide synthase
IPF	Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
IPVD	Intrapulmonary vasodilatation
MASLD	Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease
MELD	Model for End-Stage Liver Disease
mPAP	Mean pulmonary artery pressure
MRI	Magnetic resonance imaging
NO	Nitric oxide
PAH	Pulmonary arterial hypertension
PaO2	Partial pressure of arterial oxygen
PAP	Pulmonary artery pressure
PDE5i	Phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor
PDGF	Platelet-derived growth factor
PlGF	Placental growth factor
PoPH	Portopulmonary hypertension
PVR	Pulmonary vascular resistance
RNA	Ribonucleic acid
RVSP	Right ventricular systolic pressure
SBEM	Spontaneous bacterial empyema
TIPS	Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt
TNF-α	Tumor necrosis factor-alpha
TRV	Tricuspid regurgitation velocity
VEGF	Vascular endothelial growth factor
vWF	von Willebrand factor
V/Q	Ventilation and perfusion
ZO-1	Zonula occludens-1
6MWD	6 min walk distance
99mTc-DTPA	99mTc-diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (99mTc-DTPA)
99mTc-MAA	Technetium-99m macroaggregated albumin