ALP	Alkaline Phosphatase
BII	Bone-Implant Interface
BIC	Bone-to-Implant Contact
BMP	Bone Morphogenetic Protein
BMP-2	Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2
BMP-4	Bone Morphogenetic Protein-4
BMP-7	Bone Morphogenetic Protein-7
BoP	Bleeding on Probing
BSP	Bone Sialoprotein
CaP	Calcium Phosphate
cpTi	Commercially Pure Titanium
ECM	Extracellular Matrix
ERK	Extracellular signal-Regulated Kinase
FAK	Focal Adhesion Kinase
GRGD	Gly-Arg-Gly-Asp (peptide sequence)
HA	Hydroxyapatite
IDCT	Innovative Dip-Coating Technique
IL-1β	Interleukin-1 beta
IL-6	Interleukin-6
IL-10	Interleukin-10
MAPK	Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase
MBL	Marginal Bone Loss
modSLA	Modified Sand-blasted Large-grit Acid-etched surface
MSC	Mesenchymal Stem Cell
MSN	Micro-/Submicro-/Nanostructured (surface)
NDI	Narrow-Diameter Implant
OC	Osteocalcin
OPG	Osteoprotegerin
PDGF	Platelet-Derived Growth Factor
PEEK	Polyether Ether Ketone
PI3K	Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase
RANKL	Receptor Activator of Nuclear factor Kappa-B Ligand
RGD	Arg-Gly-Asp (peptide sequence)
RUNX2	Runt-related transcription factor 2
Sa	Arithmetic Mean Height (surface roughness parameter)
SEM	Scanning Electron Microscopy
SLA	Sand-blasted Large-grit Acid-etched (surface)
SMAD	Suppressor of Mothers Against Decapentaplegic (signaling proteins)
Sr2+	Strontium ion
Mg2+	Magnesium ion
Sz	Maximum Peak-to-Valley Height (surface roughness parameter)
TGF-β	Transforming Growth Factor-beta
TGF-β1	Transforming Growth Factor-beta 1
Ti-Zr	Titanium–zirconium (alloy)
TiO2	Titanium Dioxide
TNF-α	Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
VEGF	Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor
XPS	X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy
ZrO2	Zirconium Dioxide