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. 2026 Jul 20;14(7):1633. doi: 10.3390/biomedicines14071633
HFpEF Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction
AngII Angiotensin II
MHS Metabolic and hypertensive stress (AngII + HFD)
HFD High-fat diet
LA Left atrial or left atrium
LV Left ventricle
CH Cardiac hypertrophy
EF Ejection fraction
UCP1 Uncoupled protein 1
ECM Extracellular matrix
EDD End-diastolic diameter
ESD End-systolic diameter
RWT Relative wall thickness
SV Stroke volume
CO Cardiac output
BW Body weight
CSA Cross-sectional area
L-NAME L-NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester
BP Blood pressure
EDV End-diastolic volume
ESV End-systolic volume
Nppa Atrial natriuretic peptide
Nppb Brain natriuretic peptide
Col1a Pro-collagen1 alpha
Col3a Pro-collagen3 alpha
Postn Periostin
Thbs4 Thrombospondin 4
PW Posterior wall
IVSW Interventricular septal wall
SEM Standard error of the mean
RWT Relative LV wall thickness
Ppia Cyclophilin A
RPL13 L13 ribosomal protein
iNOS Nitric oxide synthase, inducible
β3-AR Adrenergic receptor, beta 3
BAT Brown adipose tissue
RAAS Renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system
SNS Sympathetic nervous system