AASLD	American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases
ABCB1	ATP-Binding Cassette Subfamily B Member 1 (P-glycoprotein/P-gp)
ABCC1	ATP-Binding Cassette Subfamily C Member 1 (MRP1)
ABCG2	ATP-Binding Cassette Subfamily G Member 2
AEG-1	Astrocyte Elevated Gene-1 (also known as Metadherin/MTDH)
AFP	Alpha-Fetoprotein
AGO2	Argonaute 2
ALK5	Activin Receptor-Like Kinase 5
Ang-1	Angiopoietin-1
Ang-2	Angiopoietin-2
APC	Adenomatous Polyposis Coli
ASGPR	Asialoglycoprotein Receptor
ASO	Antisense Oligonucleotide
ATF6	Activating Transcription Factor 6
ATP	Adenosine Triphosphate
ATRA	All-Trans Retinoic Acid
AXIN1	Axis Inhibition Protein 1
BCL-2	B-Cell Lymphoma 2
BIM	BCL-2-Like Protein 11 (pro-apoptotic)
BiP/GRP78	Binding Immunoglobulin Protein/Glucose-Regulated Protein 78
β-catenin	Beta-Catenin (CTNNB1 protein product)
β-oxidation	Beta-Oxidation (mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation pathway)
β-TRCP	Beta-Transducin Repeat-Containing Protein (E3 ubiquitin ligase)
c-Myc	Cellular Myelocytomatosis Proto-Oncogene
CBP	CREB-Binding Protein
CCL2	C-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 2
CD8+	Cluster of Differentiation 8 (cytotoxic T cells)
CD163	Cluster of Differentiation 163 (M2 macrophage marker)
CD206	Cluster of Differentiation 206 (Mannose Receptor)
CDKN1A	Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor 1A (p21)
CHOP	C/EBP Homologous Protein
CI	Confidence Interval
CSC	Cancer Stem Cell
CTLA-4	Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte-Associated Protein 4
CTNNB1	Catenin Beta-1 (β-catenin gene)
DAGs	Diacylglycerols
DAMPs	Damage-Associated Molecular Patterns
DEN	Diethylnitrosamine
dsDNA	Double-Stranded DNA
EASL	European Association for the Study of the Liver
ECM	Extracellular Matrix
EGF	Epidermal Growth Factor
EGFR	Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor
eIF2α	Eukaryotic Initiation Factor 2 Alpha
EMT	Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition
ER	Endoplasmic Reticulum
ERAD	ER-Associated Degradation
EVs	Extracellular Vesicles
FAK	Focal Adhesion Kinase
FASN	Fatty Acid Synthase
FFA	Free Fatty Acid
FGF	Fibroblast Growth Factor
FSP1	Ferroptosis Suppressor Protein 1
GalNAc	N-Acetylgalactosamine
GPX4	Glutathione Peroxidase 4
GRP94	Glucose-Regulated Protein 94
GSH	Reduced Glutathione
GSK3β	Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 Beta
HBV	Hepatitis B Virus
HCC	Hepatocellular Carcinoma
HCV	Hepatitis C Virus
HGF	Hepatocyte Growth Factor
HIF-1α	Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1 Alpha
HIF-2α	Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-2 Alpha
HIV-1	Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1
HMGB1	High Mobility Group Box 1
HSCs	Hepatic Stellate Cells
IGF1	Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1
IKK	IκB Kinase
IKKβ	IκB Kinase Beta
IL-1β	Interleukin-1 Beta
IL-4	Interleukin-4
IL-6	Interleukin-6
IL-10	Interleukin-10
IL-12	Interleukin-12
IL-13	Interleukin-13
IRE1α	Inositol-Requiring Enzyme 1 Alpha
JNK	c-Jun N-Terminal Kinase
KASL	Korean Association for the Study of the Liver
KCs	Kupffer Cells
LAG-3	Lymphocyte Activation Gene-3
LEF	Lymphoid Enhancer-Binding Factor
LNPs	Lipid Nanoparticles
LPCs	Lysophosphatidylcholines
LPS	Lipopolysaccharide
LXXLL	Leucine-X-X-Leucine-Leucine (nuclear receptor-binding motif)
MAFLD	Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Fatty Liver Disease
MASH	Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatohepatitis
MASLD	Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease
MDM2	Mouse Double Minute 2 Homolog
MDR	Multidrug Resistance
MEK	Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinase
miRNA	MicroRNA
MLKL	Mixed Lineage Kinase Domain-Like Pseudokinase
mRNA	Messenger RNA
MRI	Magnetic Resonance Imaging
MRP1	Multidrug Resistance-Associated Protein 1 (ABCC1)
MTDH	Metadherin (also known as AEG-1)
mTOR	Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin
MTORC1	mTOR Complex 1
NF-κB	Nuclear Factor Kappa-Light-Chain-Enhancer of Activated B Cells
NLRP3	NLR Family Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 (inflammasome)
p21	Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor 1 (CDKN1A)
p53	Tumor Protein p53
PAMAM	Polyamidoamine (dendrimer)
PD-1	Programmed Cell Death Protein 1
PD-L1	Programmed Death-Ligand 1
PDGF-BB	Platelet-Derived Growth Factor BB
PDGFR	Platelet-Derived Growth Factor Receptor
PERK	Protein Kinase RNA-Like ER Kinase
P-gp	P-Glycoprotein (ABCB1)
PI3K	Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase
PlGF	Placental Growth Factor
PPARα	Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor alpha
PPIs	Protein–Protein Interactions
PTEN	Phosphatase and Tensin Homolog
PUMA	p53 Upregulated Modulator of Apoptosis
Raf	Rapidly Accelerated Fibrosarcoma Kinase
RIPK1	Receptor-Interacting Serine/Threonine-Protein Kinase 1
RIPK3	Receptor-Interacting Serine/Threonine-Protein Kinase 3
RISC	RNA-Induced Silencing Complex
RNAi	RNA Interference
ROS	Reactive Oxygen Species
scRNA-seq	Single-Cell RNA Sequencing
Shh	Sonic Hedgehog
siRNA	Small Interfering RNA
SLC7A11	Solute Carrier Family 7 Member 11 (system Xc− transporter)
α-SMA	Alpha-Smooth Muscle Actin
SMAD2	SMAD Family Member 2
SMAD3	SMAD Family Member 3
SMAD4	SMAD Family Member 4
SND1	Staphylococcal Nuclease Domain-Containing 1
STAT3	Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3
STING	Stimulator of Interferon Genes
TAMs	Tumor-Associated Macrophages
TCF	T Cell Factor
TGF-α	Transforming Growth Factor Alpha
TGF-β1	Transforming Growth Factor Beta 1
TGFβRII	Transforming Growth Factor Beta Receptor II
TIM-3	T Cell Immunoglobulin and Mucin Domain-Containing Protein 3
TIMPs	Tissue Inhibitors of Metalloproteinases
TKIs	Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors
TLR4	Toll-Like Receptor 4
TME	Tumor Microenvironment
TNF-α	Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha
TRAF2	TNF Receptor-Associated Factor 2
UPR	Unfolded Protein Response
VEGF	Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor
VEGFA	Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A
VEGFR	Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor
VEGFR2	Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor 2
VLDL	Very Low-Density Lipoprotein
Wnt	Wingless-Related Integration Site
XBP1	X-Box Binding Protein 1
XBP1s	Spliced X-Box Binding Protein 1 (active transcription factor)
XIAP	X-Linked Inhibitor of Apoptosis Protein
YAP/TAZ	Yes-Associated Protein/Transcriptional Coactivator with PDZ-Binding Motif