Skip to main content
. 2026 Jul 16;48(7):727. doi: 10.3390/cimb48070727
bpm beats per minute
Ca2+ calcium ion
CO cardiac output
dP/dtmax maximum rate of pressure rise
dP/dtmin maximum rate of pressure decline
Ea effective aortic elastance
EC50 half-maximal effective concentration
EDP end-diastolic pressure
EDV end-diastolic volume
EF ejection fraction
ESP end-systolic pressure
ESV end-systolic volume
GPCR G protein-coupled receptor
HEPES 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazineethanesulfonic acid
HR heart rate
IC1/IC100 internal circumference ratio used for vessel normalization
K+ potassium ion
ns non-significant
PAR proteinase-activated receptor
PAR-AP PAR-activating peptide
PAR1 proteinase-activated receptor-1
PAR2 proteinase-activated receptor-2
PAR4 proteinase-activated receptor-4
PAR2−/− PAR2-deficient
Pmax maximal ventricular pressure
Pmin minimal ventricular pressure
PSS physiological salts solution
PV pressure–volume
RCA right carotid artery
SV stroke volume
SW stroke work
tcLIGRLO trans-cinnamoyl-Leu-Ile-Gly-Arg-Leu-Orn-amide
VSM vascular smooth muscle
WT wild-type
YM-254890 selective Gq inhibitor
τ time constant of isovolumetric relaxation