Table 2.
Baseline anthropometric characteristics of lactating mothers.
| Parameter | UC (n = 15) Mean ± SD | UC 95% CI | US (n = 15) Mean ± SD | US 95% CI | RC (n = 15) Mean ± SD | RC 95% CI | RS (n = 15) Mean ± SD | RS 95% CI | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Weight (kg) | 51.2 ± 2.6 | 49.76–52.64 | 50.8 ± 2.9 | 49.19–52.41 | 60.9 ± 2.8 | 59.35–62.45 | 61.4 ± 2.5 | 60.02–62.78 | <0.001*** |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 21.0 ± 1.1 | 20.39–21.61 | 20.8 ± 1.2 | 20.14–21.46 | 24.5 ± 1.0 | 23.95–25.05 | 24.8 ± 1.1 | 24.19–25.41 | <0.001*** |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 87.6 ± 0.5 | 87.32–87.88 | 88.0 ± 0.4 | 87.78–88.22 | 95.8 ± 0.4 | 95.58–96.02 | 96.5 ± 0.3 | 96.33–96.67 | <0.001*** |
| WHtR | 0.56 ± 0.02 | 0.549–0.571 | 0.57 ± 0.01 | 0.564–0.576 | 0.61 ± 0.01 | 0.604–0.616 | 0.62 ± 0.01 | 0.614–0.626 | <0.001*** |
Values are presented as mean ± standard deviation (SD). Ninety-five percent confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated around the mean values. Differences among study groups were assessed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Tukey’s post hoc test. Statistical significance was established at p < 0.05. ***p < 0.001. UC, Urban Control; US, Urban Supplemented; RC, Rural Control; RS, Rural Supplemented; BMI, Body Mass Index; WHtR, Waist-to-Height Ratio; CI, Confidence Interval.