| DM | Diabetes mellitus |
| DN | Diabetic nephropathy |
| HSPGs | Heparan sulfate proteoglycans |
| SDC1 | Syndecan-1 |
| SDC2 | Syndecan-2 |
| SDC3 | Syndecan-3 |
| SDC4 | Syndecan-4 |
| HS | Heparan sulfate |
| ECM | Extracellular matrix |
| DM1 | Diabetes mellitus type 1 |
| DM2 | Diabetes mellitus type 2 |
| NDSTs | N-deacetylase/N-sulfotransferases |
| NDST1 | N-deacetylase/N-sulfotransferase 1 |
| NDST2 | N-deacetylase/N-sulfotransferase 2 |
| CTRL | Control |
| 2 w | 2 weeks |
| 2 m | 2 months |
| pH | Lat. potentia hydrogenii |
| PBS | Phosphate-buffered saline |
| DAPI | 4′6-Diamidino-2-phenylindole |
| ANOVA | Two-way analysis of variance |
| pct | Proximal convoluted tubules |
| dct | Distal convoluted tubules |
| g | Glomerulus |
| mRNA | Messenger ribonucleic acid |
| TGF-β | Transforming growth factor-beta |
| IL-1β | Interleukin-1 beta |
| MMP | Matrix metalloproteinase |
| MMP-9 | Matrix metalloproteinase-9 |
| ERK1/2 | Extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases 1 and 2 |
| p38 MAPK | p38 Mitogen-activated protein kinase |
| STZ | Streptozotocin |
| IF | Immunofluorescence |
| Ext1 | Exostosin glycosyltransferase 1 |
| Ext2 | Exostosin glycosyltransferase 2 |
| Glce | D-glucuronyl C5-epimerase |
| NDST3 | N-deacetylase/N-sulfotransferase 3 |
| NDST4 | N-deacetylase/N-sulfotransferase 4 |
| Hs2st1 | Heparan sulfate 2-O-sulfotransferase 1 |
| Hs3st1 | Heparan sulfate glucosamine 3-O-sulfotransferase 1 |
| Hs6st1 | Heparan sulfate 6-O-sulfotransferase 1 |
| RNA | Ribonucleic acid |
| PCR | Polymerase chain reaction |