Table 2.

Baseline-to-36-month changes in skeletal and biochemical outcomes.

Variable	Paired n	Baseline	36 months	Mean change (95% CI)	p value
Femoral neck BMD, g/cm2	124	0.526 ± 0.086	0.562 ± 0.079	0.037 (0.028 to 0.046)	<0.001
Lumbar spine BMD, g/cm2	124	0.674 ± 0.120	0.741 ± 0.102	0.067 (0.055 to 0.078)	<0.001
Total hip BMD, g/cm2	124	0.670 ± 0.123	0.696 ± 0.109	0.026 (0.015 to 0.036)	<0.001
Femoral neck T-score	124	−2.89 ± 0.71	−2.59 ± 0.69	0.30 (0.24 to 0.36)	<0.001
Lumbar spine T-score	124	−3.29 ± 0.99	−2.72 ± 0.97	0.58 (0.48 to 0.67)	<0.001
Total hip T-score	124	−2.13 ± 1.15	−2.02 ± 0.87	0.11 (−0.05 to 0.26)	0.187
β-CTX, ng/mL	130	0.631 ± 0.583	0.246 ± 0.235	−0.385 (−0.481 to −0.289)	<0.001
PINP, ng/mL	130	44.76 ± 32.79	20.41 ± 10.17	−24.35 (−29.72 to −18.98)	<0.001
Creatinine, μmol/L	130	60.16 ± 13.20	61.76 ± 11.19	1.61 (−0.06 to 3.28)	0.059
Calcium, mmol/L	130	2.46 ± 0.13	2.43 ± 0.16	−0.03 (−0.06 to 0.01)	0.099
Phosphate, mmol/L	130	1.17 ± 0.21	1.17 ± 0.20	−0.00 (−0.05 to 0.05)	0.923
25(OH)D, ng/mL	130	19.76 ± 8.68	38.36 ± 6.35	18.60 (16.73 to 20.47)	<0.001

Reference ranges: calcium, 2.10–2.55 mmol/L; phosphate, 0.81–1.45 mmol/L; creatinine, 44–80 μmol/L for women; β-CTX, 0.10–0.70 ng/mL; PINP, 15–60 ng/mL. Reference ranges may vary according to age, menopausal status, assay platform, and institutional laboratory standards.