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. 2026 Jul 16;48(7):724. doi: 10.3390/cimb48070724
2-DG 2-deoxyglucose
ATP adenosine triphosphate
CPT1 carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1
DCA dichloroacetate
EMT epithelial–mesenchymal transition
FAO fatty acid oxidation
FASN fatty acid synthase
GLS glutaminase
HIF-1α hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha
HK2 hexokinase 2
HNSCC head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
LDHA lactate dehydrogenase A
MAMs mitochondria-associated membranes
mtDNA mitochondrial DNA
NK natural killer
OSCC oral squamous cell carcinoma
OXPHOS oxidative phosphorylation
PTX paclitaxel
PDH Pyruvate Dehydrogenase
PDK Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Kinase
PDK1 Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Kinase 1
PDK3 Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Kinase 3
PPP pentose phosphate pathway
PKM2 pyruvate kinase M2
ROS reactive oxygen species
SCD1 stearoyl-CoA desaturase
TCA tricarboxylic acid cycle
TME tumor microenvironment