| 2-DG | 2-deoxyglucose |
| ATP | adenosine triphosphate |
| CPT1 | carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 |
| DCA | dichloroacetate |
| EMT | epithelial–mesenchymal transition |
| FAO | fatty acid oxidation |
| FASN | fatty acid synthase |
| GLS | glutaminase |
| HIF-1α | hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha |
| HK2 | hexokinase 2 |
| HNSCC | head and neck squamous cell carcinoma |
| LDHA | lactate dehydrogenase A |
| MAMs | mitochondria-associated membranes |
| mtDNA | mitochondrial DNA |
| NK | natural killer |
| OSCC | oral squamous cell carcinoma |
| OXPHOS | oxidative phosphorylation |
| PTX | paclitaxel |
| PDH | Pyruvate Dehydrogenase |
| PDK | Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Kinase |
| PDK1 | Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Kinase 1 |
| PDK3 | Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Kinase 3 |
| PPP | pentose phosphate pathway |
| PKM2 | pyruvate kinase M2 |
| ROS | reactive oxygen species |
| SCD1 | stearoyl-CoA desaturase |
| TCA | tricarboxylic acid cycle |
| TME | tumor microenvironment |