ACAN	Aggrecan
ADAMTS	A disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs
ADAMTS-5	A disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs 5
ADSCs	Adipose-derived stem cells
AIA	Adjuvant-induced arthritis
ALP	Alkaline phosphatase
ASK1	Apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1
BMP-2	Bone morphogenetic protein 2
BMP-7	Bone morphogenetic protein 7
BMP9	Bone morphogenetic protein 9
BP	Black phosphorus
Bregs	Regulatory B cells
BV/TV	Bone volume/tissue volume
CCL18	C-C motif chemokine ligand 18
CD80	Cluster of differentiation 80
CD86	Cluster of differentiation 86
CD147	Basigin/cluster of differentiation 147
CD206	Cluster of differentiation 206
CFU/g	Colony-forming units per gram
CIA	Collagen-induced arthritis
COL I	Type I collagen
COL II	Type II collagen
COL2A	Type II collagen alpha chain marker
CQAs	Critical quality attributes
CSF1	Colony-stimulating factor 1
CTSK	Cathepsin K
DCs	Dendritic cells
DMARD/DMARDs	Disease-modifying antirheumatic drug(s)
DNA	Deoxyribonucleic acid
DNase I	Deoxyribonuclease I
ECM	Extracellular matrix
EVs	Extracellular vesicles
FAPI	Fibroblast activation protein inhibitor
FK506	Tacrolimus
FLS	Fibroblast-like synoviocytes
GelMA	Gelatin methacryloyl
HA	Hyaluronic acid
HAPLN1	Hyaluronan and proteoglycan link protein 1
H&E	Hematoxylin and eosin
HRP	Horseradish peroxidase
H2O2	Hydrogen peroxide
H2S	Hydrogen sulfide
IDO	Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase
IFX	Infliximab
IGF-1	Insulin-like growth factor 1
IL-1β	Interleukin-1β
IL-4	Interleukin-4
IL-6	Interleukin-6
IL-17	Interleukin-17
IL-32	Interleukin-32
IL-6/JAK2/STAT3	Interleukin-6/Janus kinase 2/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3
IND	Indomethacin
JAK2	Janus kinase 2
JNK	c-Jun N-terminal kinase
KGN	Kartogenin
MAPK	Mitogen-activated protein kinase
METTL3	Methyltransferase-like 3
m6A	N6-methyladenosine
miRNA/miRNAs	MicroRNA(s)
miR-124-3p	MicroRNA-124-3p
miR-140	MicroRNA-140
miR-195a	MicroRNA-195a
miR-221/222	MicroRNA-221/222
circRNA_28313	Circular RNA 28313
MMP/MMPs	Matrix metalloproteinase(s)
MMP-1	Matrix metalloproteinase-1
MMP-2	Matrix metalloproteinase-2
MMP-3/MMP3	Matrix metalloproteinase-3
MMP-9	Matrix metalloproteinase-9
MMP-13	Matrix metalloproteinase-13
MRI	Magnetic resonance imaging
MSCs	Mesenchymal stem cells
MTX	Methotrexate
mRNA	Messenger RNA
NET/NETs	Neutrophil extracellular trap(s)
NETosis	Neutrophil extracellular trap formation
NF-κB	Nuclear factor-κB
NFATc1	Nuclear factor of activated T cells 1
NLRP3	NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 3
NO	Nitric oxide
NSAIDs	Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
OA	Osteoarthritis
OARSI	Osteoarthritis Research Society International
OCN	Osteocalcin
OIA	Osteoarthritis-induced arthritis/osteochondral-injury-associated arthritis model, as used in the manuscript context
OPG	Osteoprotegerin
OVA/CFA	Ovalbumin/complete Freund’s adjuvant
PAD4	Peptidyl arginine deiminase 4
PD-L1	Programmed death-ligand 1
PGE2	Prostaglandin E2
PK	Pharmacokinetic(s)
PLXNC1	Plexin C1
PRG4	Proteoglycan 4
PRP	Platelet-rich plasma
PVA	Poly(vinyl alcohol)
RA	Rheumatoid arthritis
RA-FLS	Rheumatoid arthritis-derived fibroblast-like synoviocytes
RANK	Receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB
RANKL	Receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand
RANKL/OPG	RANKL/osteoprotegerin ratio or balance
RANKL/TNF	RANKL/tumor necrosis factor-related strategy
RGD	Arginine–glycine–aspartic acid
RNA	Ribonucleic acid
ROS	Reactive oxygen species
RUNX2	Runt-related transcription factor 2
SAL	Sterility assurance level
SIN	Sinomenine hydrochloride
SIS	Small intestinal submucosa
siRNA	Small interfering RNA
SOX9	SRY-box transcription factor 9
SPARCL1	Secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine-like 1
SPD	Spermidine
STAT3	Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3
TAP	Toll-like receptor antagonist peptide
Tb.N	Trabecular number
Tb.Sp	Trabecular separation
Tb.Th	Trabecular thickness
TGF-β	Transforming growth factor-β
TGF-β3	Transforming growth factor-β3
Tfh	T follicular helper cell
Th17	T helper 17 cell
TLR4	Toll-like receptor 4
TLRs	Toll-like receptors
TNF	Tumor necrosis factor
TNF-α	Tumor necrosis factor-α
TNFR1	Tumor necrosis factor receptor 1
TNFR2	Tumor necrosis factor receptor 2
TPL	Triptolide
TRAF	Tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor
TRAP	Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase
Tregs	Regulatory T cells
Tr1 cells	Type 1 regulatory T cells
VEGF	Vascular endothelial growth factor
W9	W9 peptide
WYRGRL	Cartilage-binding peptide sequence WYRGRL
c-Fos	Fos proto-oncogene
c-Src	Cellular Src tyrosine kinase
micro-CT	Micro-computed tomography
Material/system abbreviation	Full term/explanation
BiNS/PEI	BiNS/polyethyleneimine nanosheets
CeNZs	Cerium-based nanozymes/ceria nanozymes
ChSMA	Methacrylated chondroitin sulfate
CS/BP	Chitosan/black phosphorus
CuS-T	MMP-9-binding CuS-T component
Cx-HA	Click-crosslinked hyaluronic acid
Cx-SIS	Click-crosslinked small intestinal submucosa
DA-HA	Dopamine-modified hyaluronic acid
DAGQD	Dopamine-hybrid graphene quantum dots
DAGQD@Cu@KGN–SO3−/DA-HA	DAGQD-, Cu-, KGN-, sulfonate-, and DA-HA-based multifunctional hydrogel
DNRS	Dual-gas-regulating self-healing hydrogel
DS	Diclofenac sodium
DSP	Dexamethasone sodium phosphate
F127	Pluronic F127/poloxamer 407
F68	Pluronic F68/poloxamer 188
Gel-MTX/Mg	Methotrexate- and magnesium-containing supramolecular hydrogel
GG	Gellan gum
HA–Tyr	Tyramine-modified hyaluronic acid
HC@PTM	Composite hydrogel containing MTX-loaded polymeric micelles
HP@CEL	Hydrophobically modified HA/celastrol-loaded nanoparticle hydrogel
HPAP	HPAP hydrogel system
IND–MTX	Indomethacin–methotrexate
IND–MTX–siMMP-9	Indomethacin–methotrexate–MMP-9 siRNA system
KGN@P407	Kartogenin-loaded Pluronic P407 system
M-NO	Nitric oxide-responsive or NO-scavenging gel system
MOS	Manno-oligosaccharide-modified system
NanoIGUR	Iguratimod-loaded nanomicelles
PCL	Polycaprolactone
PECT	PECT nanoparticles
PEG	Polyethylene glycol
PEGDMA	Poly(ethylene glycol) dimethacrylate
PEI	Polyethyleneimine
PEI-SS	Disulfide-containing polyethyleneimine component
PGA	Poly(γ-glutamic acid)
PLA	Polylactic acid/polylactide
PRP–CS/BP	Platelet-rich plasma–chitosan/black phosphorus hydrogel
SPT@TPL	Triptolide-loaded dynamically crosslinked hydrogel system
TAP/Cx-HA	Toll-like receptor antagonist peptide-loaded click-crosslinked HA hydrogel
TAP2 + Cx-HA	TAP2-loaded click-crosslinked HA system
Tyr–GG	Tyramine-modified gellan gum