Figure 2.

Maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree of Protoparvovirus carnivoran1 strains based on a ~400 bp alignment of the VP2 gene. The tree illustrates the placement of local strains detected in hunting dogs and wild mesocarnivorans alongside global reference strains. Phylogenetic analysis was inferred using the maximum likelihood method based on the T92 + G substitution model. Values at the nodes represent the percentage of 1000 bootstrap replicates supporting each branch; for clarity, only values ≥50% are shown. The phylogeny was rooted using an ancestral feline panleukopenia virus (FPV) sequence from 1985 (GenBank M10824.1) to establish evolutionary directionality. Sequences generated in this study are shown in bold.