Table 2.

Summary of ambient temperature and humidity, and overall mosquito breeding site water parameters across the four study locations.

Ecological zone and study location	Terai Chitwan (urban) ≤ 200 m		Hills Kathmandu (urban) 1300-1400 m		Hills Bhaktapur (rural) 1300-1400 m		Mountain Lalitpur (rural) > 1600 m		Overall		p-value between locations (row)
Measure	Mean (SE)	No. of sites	Mean (SE)	No. of sites	Mean (SE)	No. of sites	Mean (SE)	No. of sites	Mean (SE)	No. of sites
Household (HH) level
		21 HH		23 HH		20 HH		19 HH		83 HH
Ambient temperature	31.5a (0.4)		29.6 (0.3)		29.8 (0.4)		30.4 (0.3)		30.3 (0.2)		p = 0.002*
Ambient humidity	80.7b (1.5)		63.1 (1.2)		71.2c (1.3)		63.1 (1.2)		68.6 (0.8)		p < 0.001**
Breeding site (BS) level
		36 BS		50 BS		38 BS		47 BS		171 BS
Thermometer water temperature	28.0b (0.3)		24.4 (0.2)		24.7 (0.4)		24.3 (0.4)		25.2 (0.2)		p < 0.001**
Thermal camera water temperature	27.2b (0.5)		23.2 (0.4)		23.5 (0.5)		23.4 (0.5)		24.2 (0.3)		p < 0.001**
Total dissolved solids (TDS)	199.0 (49.1)		269.5 (53.7)		514.5 (191.9)		362.9 (147.8)		334.8 (61.9)		p = 0.354
pH	7.5 (0.1)		7.9 (0.9)		9.8 (1.8)		7.9 (0.1)		8.2 (0.4)		p = 0.256
Salinity	0.016 (0.004)		0.035 (0.009)		0.045 (0.02)		0.033 (0.02)		0.033 (0.007)		p = 0.610
Dissolved oxygen (DO)	3.54d (0.1)		3.02 (0.1)		3.80e (0.2)		2.86 (0.1)		3.26 (0.8)		p < 0.001**

*Significant at the 0.05 level.

**Significant at the 0.01 level.

Summary of Tukey (HSD) tests.

^aChitwan measurements significantly higher than Kathmandu (p = 0.002) and Bhaktapur (p = 0.01)

^bChitwan measurements significantly higher than Kathmandu, Bhaktapur and Lalitpur (p < 0.001)

^cBhaktapur measurements significantly higher than Kathmandu and Lalitpur (p < 0.001)

^dChitwan measurements significantly higher than Lalitpur (p < 0.001)

^eBhaktapur measurements significantly higher than Kathmandu (p < 0.001) and Lalitpur (p < 0.001)