AD	Anaerobic Digestion
AI	Artificial Intelligence
ASE	Accelerated Solvent Extraction
BSFL	Black Soldier Fly Larvae
BSG	Brewer’s Spent Grain
CAPEX	Capital Expenditure
CFI	Circular Flow Index
CPAE	Cold Plasma-Assisted Extraction
DEMATEL-ISM	Decision-Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory-Interpretive Structural Modeling
DES	Deep Eutectic Solvents
DT	Digital Twin
EAE	Enzyme-Assisted Extraction
FAO	Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations
FUSIONS	Food Use for Social Innovation by Optimizing Waste Prevention Strategies
GRAS	Generally Recognized As Safe
HC	Hydrodynamic Cavitation
HHP	High Hydrostatic Pressure
HTC	Hydrothermal Carbonization
HTL	Hydrothermal Liquefaction
HTG	Hydrothermal Gasification
IEA	International Energy Agency
IoT	Internet of Things
IRR	Internal Rate of Return
LAB	Lactic Acid Bacteria
LCA	Life Cycle Assessment
LCC	Life Cycle Costing
LCSA	Life Cycle Sustainability Assessment
MAE	Microwave-assisted extraction
MCDA	Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis
MCDM	Multi-Criteria Decision-Making
MCI	Material Circularity Indicators
MF	Microfiltration
ML	Machine Learning
MSP	Minimum Selling Price
NADES	Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents
NF	Nanofiltration
NPV	Net Present Value
OHAE	Ohmic Heating-Assisted Extraction
OPEX	Operational Expenditure
p-NADES	Pressurized Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents
PBL	Protaetia brevitarsis larvae
PEF	Pulsed Electric Field
PHAs	Polyhydroxyalkanoates
PLA	Polylactic Acid
PLE	Pressurized Liquid Extraction
PUI	Product Containing Upcycled Ingredients
RO	Reverse Osmosis
ROI	Return on Investment
S-LCA	Social Life Cycle Assessment
SCWG	Supercritical Water Gasification
SDG	Sustainable Development Goal
SFE	Supercritical Fluid Extraction
SmF	Submerged Fermentation
SSF	Solid-State Fermentation
SWARA	Step-Wise Weight Assessment Ratio Analysis
SWE	Subcritical Water Extraction
TEA	Techno-Economic Analysis
TRL	Technology Readiness Level
UAE	Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction
UF	Ultrafiltration
UFA	Upcycled Food Association
UI	Upcycled Ingredient
VND	Vietnamese Dong
WRAP	Waste and Resources Action Programme
WTP	Willingness To Pay
USD	United Stated Dollar