| SPE | Serum protein electrophoresis |
| IFE | Immunofixation electrophoresis |
| MM | Multiple Myeloma |
| MGUS | Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance |
| FLC | Free light chain |
| CAP | College of American Pathologists |
| ML | Machine learning |
| AI | Artificial intelligence |
| NLP | Natural language processing |
| WoS | Web of Science |
| GMM | Gaussian Mixture Model |
| DCL | Deep Collocative Learning |
| ANN | Artificial neural networks |
| LIS | Laboratory Information Systems |
| TRIPOD-AI | Transparent Reporting of a Multivariable Prediction Model for Individual Prognosis or Diagnosis |
| CONSORT-AI | Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials |