| LAB | Lactic acid bacteria |
| BCAA | Branched-chain amino acids |
| mTOR | Mechanistic target of rapamycin |
| CEP | Cell-envelope proteinases |
| KACC | Korean Agricultural Culture Collection |
| MRS | De Man, Rogosa and Sharpe |
| BCP | Bromocresol purple |
| PCA | Plate Count Agar |
| PCR | Polymerase chain reaction |
| PVDF | Polyvinylidene fluoride |
| LC-MS/MS | Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry |
| PTFE | polytetrafluoroethylene |
| HPLC | High-performance liquid chromatography |
| HILIC | Hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography |
| ESI | Electrospray ionization |
| SRM | Selected reaction monitoring |
| UV | Ultraviolet |
| DDW | Double-distilled water |
| SD | Standard deviation |
| Opp | Oligopeptide permease |
| BCAT | Branched-chain amino acid transaminase |
| ADI | Arginine deiminase pathway |
| ATP | Adenosine triphosphate |
| FDA | Food and Drug Administration |
| SSF | Solid-state fermentation |
| WGS | Whole-genome sequencing |
| MLST | Multilocus sequence typing |