AFP	Alpha-fetoprotein
α-SMA	alpha-smooth muscle actin
CA125	Carbohydrate antigen 125
CA19-9	Carbohydrate antigen 19-9
CAF	Cancer-associated fibroblast
CCA	Cholangiocarcinoma
CEA	Carcinoembryonic antigen
ceRNA	Competitive endogenous RNA
circRNA	Circular RNA
COX-2	Cyclooxygenase-2
CSC	Cancer stem-like cell
CXCR4	C-X-C chemokine receptor 4
dCCA	Distal cholangiocarcinoma
eCCA	Extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma
ECM	Extracellular matrix
EGF	Epidermal growth factor
EGFR	Epidermal growth factor receptor
EMT	Epithelial–mesenchymal transition
FGF	Fibroblast growth factor
FXR	Farnesoid X receptor
HCC	Hepatocellular carcinoma
HGF	Hepatocyte growth factor
HIF-1	Hypoxia-inducible factor-1
HRE	Hypoxia response element
iCCA	Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma
ICD	Immunogenic cell death
IHC	Immunohistochemistry
lncRNA	Long non-coding RNA
m6A	N6-methyladenosine
MAIT	Mucosal-associated invariant T
MDR1	Multidrug resistance gene 1
NGS	Next-generation sequencing
pCCA	Perihilar cholangiocarcinoma
PDGF	Platelet-derived growth factor
PSC	Primary sclerosing cholangitis
RTK	Receptor tyrosine kinase family
scRNA-seq	Single-cell RNA sequencing
ST	Spatial transcriptomics
TAM	Tumor-associated macrophage
TGF	Transforming growth factor
TME	Tumor microenvironment
TNF	Tumor necrosis factor
VEGF	Vascular endothelial growth factor
VEGFRs	VEGF receptors