| ALS | Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis |
| cGAS–STING | Cyclic GMP-AMP synthase–stimulator of interferon genes |
| CNV | Copy number variant |
| DAMP | Damage-associated molecular pattern |
| DSB | Double-strand break |
| FTD | Frontotemporal degeneration |
| FUS | Fused in sarcoma |
| HERV | Human endogenous retrovirus |
| hESC | Human embryonic stem cells |
| HRE | Hexanucleotide repeat expansion |
| LAD | Lamina-associated domain |
| IFN | Interferon |
| IL | Interleukin |
| IRF | Interferon regulatory factors |
| LINE-1 | Long interspersed nuclear element-1 |
| LTR | Long terminal repeats |
| NCT | Nucleocytoplasmic transport |
| NPC | Neural progenitor cells |
| ORF | Open reading frame |
| RBP | RNA-binding protein |
| RC-L1 | Retrotransposition-competent LINE-1 |
| ROS | Reactive oxygen species |
| RT | Reverse transcriptase |
| SINE | Short interspersed nuclear element |
| TBK1 | TANK-binding kinase 1 |
| TDP-43 | TAR DNA-binding protein 43 |
| TE | Transposable element |
| TLR | Toll-like receptor |
| TPRT | Target-primed reverse transcription |
| TREX1 | Three prime repair exonuclease 1 |