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. 2026 Jul 15;27(14):6290. doi: 10.3390/ijms27146290
TAO Thousand-and-one
TAOK3 Thousand-and-one kinase 3
PDA Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma
KRAS Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog
TME Tumor microenvironment
MAPK Mitogen-activated protein kinase
MAP3K Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase
CSC Cancer stem cell
TCR T-cell receptor
PanIN Pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia
IPMN Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm
5-FU 5-fluorouracil
DNA Deoxyribose nucleic acid
GPCR G-protein-coupled receptor
MST Macrophage stimulating
LATS Large tumor suppressor
YAP Yes-associated protein
TAZ Transcriptional co-activator with PDZ-binding motif
SAPK Stress-Activated Protein Kinase
JNK c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase
MARKK Microtubule Affinity-Regulating Kinase Kinase
PSK Prostate-Derived Ste20-Like Kinase 2
JIK JNK Inhibitory Kinase
DPK Double-stranded RNA-activated protein kinase-like
MEK MAPK/ERK kinase
ATM Ataxia telangiectasia mutated
CHEK Checkpoint kinase
CDK Cyclin-dependent kinase
PLK Polo-like kinase 1
TGF Transforming growth factor
SOX SRY-box
LCK Lymphocyte-specific protein tyrosine kinase
DDR DNA damage response
MKK Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase
SHP Src homology region 2 domain-containing phosphatase-1
TAM Tumor-associated macrophage
TNF Tumor necrosis factor
TWEAK TNF-like weak inducer of apoptosis
Fn14 Fibroblast growth factor-inducible 14
MuRF Muscle RING-Finger protein
FoxO3 Forkhead box O3
UPS Ubiquitin–proteasome system
ITK Interleukin-2-inducible T-cell kinase
KMT2C Lysine methyltransferase 2C
ETV ETS translocation variant
CYA Corylifol A
MIA PaCa-2 MIAMI Pancreatic Carcinoma-2