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. 2026 Jul 10;27(14):6185. doi: 10.3390/ijms27146185
ACI autologous chondrocyte implantation
ACL anterior cruciate ligament
AOFAS American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society
ASC adipose-derived stem cells
BMAC bone marrow aspirate concentrate
BMI body mass index
BPI-I7 Brief Pain Inventory pain interference items
CCL2 C-C motif chemokine ligand 2
CCL3 C-C motif chemokine ligand 3
dGEMRIC delayed gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging of cartilage
ECM extracellular matrix
FADI Foot and Ankle Disability Index
FDA Food and Drug Administration
GAG glycosaminoglycan
IgG immunoglobulin G
IKDC International Knee Documentation Committee
KL Kellgren–Lawrence
KOOS Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score
KSS Knee Society Score
mFAT micro-fragmented adipose tissue
MRI magnetic resonance imaging
MSCs mesenchymal stem cells
NSAIDs non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
NPS Numeric Pain Scale
NRS Numerical Rating Scale
OKS Oxford Knee Score
PBS phosphate-buffered saline
PGIC Patient Global Impression of Change
PRP platelet-rich plasma
SVF stromal vascular fraction
TRR therapeutic response rate
VAS Visual Analog Scale
WOMAC Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index
WUSPI Wheelchair User’s Shoulder Pain Index