5-FU	5-fluorouracil
ADC(s)	antibody–drug conjugate(s)
AE	adverse event
AJCC	American Joint Committee on Cancer
AKT	protein kinase B
ALK	anaplastic lymphoma kinase
ALT	alanine aminotransferase
AST	aspartate aminotransferase
ATM	ataxia telangiectasia mutated
BID	twice daily
BRAF	B-Raf proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinase
BRCA	breast cancer susceptibility gene
BRCA1/2	breast cancer gene 1/2
BTC	biliary tract cancer
CA19-9	carbohydrate antigen 19-9
CBC	complete blood count
CCI	Charlson Comorbidity Index
CD28	cluster of differentiation 28
CD86	cluster of differentiation 86
cfDNA	circulating cell-free DNA
CI	confidence interval
CRC	colorectal cancer
CRT	chemoradiotherapy
ctDNA	circulating tumor DNA
dMMR	deficient mismatch repair/mismatch repair deficiency
DNA	deoxyribonucleic acid
DDR	DNA damage repair
DOR	duration of response
DXd	deruxtecan payload
ECG	electrocardiogram
ECOG	Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group
EGFR	epidermal growth factor receptor
EMT	epithelial–mesenchymal transition
ERBB2	Erb-B2 receptor tyrosine kinase 2
ERK	extracellular signal-regulated kinase
EU	European Union
EUS	endoscopic ultrasound
FGFR2	fibroblast growth factor receptor 2
FOLFIRI	folinic acid, fluorouracil, and irinotecan
FOLFIRINOX/mFOLFIRINOX	folinic acid, fluorouracil, irinotecan, and oxaliplatin/modified FOLFIRINOX
FOLFOX	folinic acid, fluorouracil, and oxaliplatin
GAP	GTPase-activating protein
G-CSF	granulocyte colony-stimulating factor
GEF	guanine nucleotide exchange factor
GDP	guanosine diphosphate
GI	gastrointestinal
GTP	guanosine triphosphate
HER2	human epidermal growth factor receptor 2
HRD	homologous recombination deficiency
HRR	homologous recombination repair
ICI(s)	immune checkpoint inhibitor(s)
IHC	immunohistochemistry
ILD	interstitial lung disease
iRECIST	immune Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors
ISH	in situ hybridization
KRAS	Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog
LFTs	liver function tests
LV	leucovorin
MAPK	mitogen-activated protein kinase
MEK	mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase
MHC-II	major histocompatibility complex class II
MRI	magnetic resonance imaging
MSI(-H)	microsatellite instability(-high)
(m)TMB	(measured) tumor mutational burden
MTD	maximum tolerated dose
mTOR	mechanistic target of rapamycin
Nab-paclitaxel	nanoparticle albumin-bound paclitaxel
NALIRIFOX	liposomal irinotecan, fluorouracil, leucovorin, and oxaliplatin
Nal-IRI	nanoliposomal irinotecan
NF-κB	nuclear factor kappa B
NGS	next-generation sequencing
NRAS	neuroblastoma RAS viral oncogene homolog
NRG1	neuregulin 1
NSCLC	non-small-cell lung cancer
NTRK1/2/3	neurotrophic tyrosine receptor kinase 1/2/3
ORR	objective response rate
OS	overall survival
PALB2	partner and localizer of BRCA2
PARP	poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase
PD-1	programmed cell death protein 1
PD-L1	programmed death-ligand 1
PDAC	pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma
PFS	progression-free survival
PI3K	phosphoinositide 3-kinase
QoL	quality of life
RAL	RAS-like proto-oncogene
RAF	rapidly accelerated fibrosarcoma kinase
RAS	rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog
R0	microscopically margin-negative resection
R1	microscopically margin-positive resection
RECIST (1.1)	Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (version 1.1)
RET	rearranged during transfection
RNA	ribonucleic acid
RP2D	recommended phase II dose
RTK	receptor tyrosine kinase
SBRT	stereotactic body radiotherapy
SHP2	Src homology region 2-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase 2
SOS	son of sevenless homolog
TAS-102	trifluridine/tipiracil
TCR	T-cell receptor
T-DXd	trastuzumab deruxtecan
TEAE	treatment-emergent adverse event
TSH	thyroid-stimulating hormone
US	United States
VTE	venous thromboembolism