| BET | Betaine |
| CA | Citric acid |
| ChCl | Choline chloride |
| CMC | Carboxymethyl cellulose |
| DES | Deep eutectic solvent |
| EG | Ethylene glycol |
| FTIR | Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy |
| GLY | Glycerol |
| HBA | Hydrogen bond acceptor |
| HBD | Hydrogen bond donor |
| OA | Oxalic acid |
| PBS | Phosphate-buffered saline |
| RSV | Resveratrol |
| SD | Standard deviation |
| SEM | Scanning electron microscopy |
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