AKT	Protein Kinase B
ANOVA	Analysis of variance
ATCC	American Type Culture Collection
ATG5	Autophagy related 5
BNIP3	BCL2 interacting protein 3
BSA	Bovine serum albumin
BV2	Mouse microglial cell line
CD4	Cluster of differentiation 4
CD8	Cluster of differentiation 8
cDNA	Complementary DNA
CQ	Chloroquine
COSY	Correlation spectroscopy
CST	Cell Signaling Technology
DAPI	4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole
DEG	Differential Expression Gene
DMEM	Dulbecco’s modified Eagle medium
DMSO	Dimethyl sulfoxide
DNA	Deoxyribonucleic acid
ECL	Enhanced chemiluminescence
EDTA	Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid
EtOAc	Ethyl acetate
FACS	Fluorescence activated cell sorting
FBS	Fetal bovine serum
GAPDH	Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase
H&E stain	Hematoxylin and eosin stain
HaCaT	Human keratinocyte cell line
HDAC	Histone deacetylase
HPLC	High performance liquid chromatography
Hppa	3-hydroxy-4-pentenoic acid
HRESIMS	High-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry
HRP	Horseradish peroxidase
HSQC	Heteronuclear single quantum coherence
IC50	Half maximal inhibitory concentration
IACUC	Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee
IF	immunofluorescence
IHC	Immunohistochemistry
Ile	Isoleucine
LC3B	Microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 beta
LLC	Lewis lung carcinoma
LPS	Lipopolysaccharide
mRNA	Messenger RNA
MB49	Mouse bladder cancer cell line
MEF	Mouse embryonic fibroblast
MeCN	Acetonitrile
MeOH	Methanol
MSC	Mesenchymal stem cell
mTOR	Mammalian target of rapamycin
MTPA	α-methoxy-α-(trifluoromethyl)phenylacetic acid
MTT	3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide
NMR	Nuclear magnetic resonance
NO	Nitric oxide
Panc02	Mouse pancreatic cancer cell line
PBS	Phosphate-buffered saline
PCR	Polymerase chain reaction
PI	Propidium iodide
PI3K	Phosphoinositide 3-kinase
PVDF	Polyvinylidene fluoride
qPCR	Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction
RNA-seq	RNA sequencing
SDS-PAGE	Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
SEM	Standard error of the mean
SHIP1	Src homology 2 domain-containing inositol phosphatase 1
Val	Valine
VPA	Valproic acid